Specifically, 80% of skin aging reportedly results from Sun exposure (Zhang and Duan, 2018). The literature search, data extraction and systematic review were undertaken following the principles of the PRISMA guidelines. Vitamin E helps neutralize the effects of things like pollution and UV rays to protect you and your face. View abstract. Dermatol. 72 (9), 12181225. The search used a combination of keywords related to the aim of this review: tocotrienol and skin. J. Cosmet. J. Cosmet. Chao, J. T., Gapor, A., and Theriault, A. Inhibitory effect of delta-tocotrienol, a HMG CoA reductase inhibitor, on monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Shibata et al. Food 23 (8), 870878. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Gamma-tocotrienol inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway through inhibition of receptor-interacting protein and TAK1 leading to suppression of antiapoptotic gene products and potentiation of apoptosis. Tyrosinase is the key enzyme involved in the melanogenesis biochemical pathway. Tocotrienols are a subfamily of vitamin E with potent antioxidant activity. Sunset offers The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The SC acts as a skin barrier due to its occlusive effects formed by the lipid bilayer matrix (Foster et al., 2020). In a separate study, Nakagawa et al. The study concluded that -tocotrienol suppressed apoptosis by regulating the upstream apoptosis cascade, leading to the inhibition of apoptosis markers. (2010). doi:10.3177/jnsv.54.117, Yap, W. N., Zaiden, N., Xu, C. H., Chen, A., Ong, S., Teo, V., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Biomolecules 5 (2), 545589. Scientific studies and clinical trials demonstrate several unique health benefits such as brain & cognitive health, liver support, skin nutrition, hair growth and cardiovascular health. UV radiation exposure also provokes skin inflammation by producing inflammatory cytokines from epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. (2010). Anti-melanogenic effects of -tocotrienol are associated with tyrosinase-related proteins and MAPK signaling pathway in B16 melanoma cells. View abstract. In addition, aging can also impair skin moisture due to modifications of the fatty acids that hold the structure of the hydrophilic film (Sonneville-Aubrun et al., 2018). In-Depth Look at Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Strategies. Lipids 45 (9), 833841. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61(5):1043-1051. Low-grade inflammation, or inflammageing, is known as the major cause of age-related health issues, such as metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive decline, bone fragility, and the decline in skin health (Zhuang and Lyga, 2014; Fougre et al., 2017; Zhang and Duan, 2018). It also prevented inflammation in human keratinocytes stimulated with oxidative stress from squalene hydroperoxide or hydrogen peroxide. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.2007.00275.x, Foster, A. R., El Chami, C., O'Neill, C. A., and Watson, R. E. (2020). Unlike other forms of vitamin E, tocotrienols are less commonly found in nature. B Biointerfaces 179, 242249. As the therapeutic value of Sci. Qureshi, A. A total of 103 duplicates were removed, which resulted in 118 unique articles. (2009b) reported a reduction in wrinkles and roughness after the application of tocotrienol-rich anti-wrinkle lotion. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.2008.00302.x, Shibata, A., Nakagawa, K., Kawakami, Y., Tsuzuki, T., and Miyazawa, T. (2010). In another study by Nagakawa et al. Tocopherol and tocotrienol structure adapted with permission from Chin and Ima-Nirwana (2012). The initial screening results were discussed, and any discrepancy was resolved with discussion. The results showed that -tocotrienol treatment notably inhibited UVB-induced inflammatory markers compared to -tocopherol in HaCaT cells. All studies used -tocotrienol in the range of 0.180M. 19 (11), 30673076. A new wrinkle on old skin: The role of elastic fibres in skin ageing. Dermatol Surg 1999;25:311-5. Cell. Keywords: WebAlthough tocopherols and tocotrienols are available from the diet, -tocopherol is the primary form of vitamin E found and maintained in the body, due to the specificity of a transport protein for -tocopherol (see the article on Vitamin E ). People take tocotrienols by mouth for aging, Alzheimer's disease, clogged arteries, cancer, diabetes, a genetic disorder called familial dysautonomia, high cholesterol, kidney failure, and stroke. aging; moisturisation; pigmentation; skin; tocotrienol; ultraviolet; vitamin E; wrinkle. FAQs about Tocotrienol Int. People with diabetes should monitor their blood glucose levels closely. Tocotrienols are often found in natural sources such as palm or rice brain oil. 7 (5), 889895. Cell Transpl. IUBMB Life 2002;54(2):81-84. Botanical oils derived from oil palm, rice bran, and annatto bean are rich in tocotrienols (Lester et al., 2001). The skin damage induced by UV radiation can manifest in several forms, such as wrinkles, skin laxity, a leathery appearance, sensitivity, impaired wound healing, and increased skin vulnerability. Evidence-Based Complementary Altern. WebThe palm fruit is the unique source of complete spectrum of Tocotrienols and -Tocopherol. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.2000.00036.x, Chen, W., Tang, Q., Gonzales, M. S., and Bowden, G. T. (2001). Naguib, Y., Hari, S. P., Passwater, R., Jr., and Huang, D. Antioxidant activities of natural vitamin E formulations. Oxid. 22 (7), 3727. doi:10.3390/ijms22073727, Levakov, A., Vukovi, N., olai, M., Mocko-Kaanski, M., and Boani, S. (2012). J. Dispersion Sci. (2010) and Ng et al. Food Chem. The TRF in this study consisted of a tocotrienol and -tocopherol mixture. Next to red peppers, you can get the most vitamin C from ________________. View abstract. The health benefits of tocotrienols, Omega-3, Beta Carotene, and Vitamin D are well documented by medical professionals and researchers. 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102022 Antioxid Redox Signal 2008;10(4):837-841. Das, S., Nesaretnam, K., and Das, D. K. Tocotrienols in cardioprotection. As the therapeutic value of tocotrienols grows, the potential of these vitamin E analogs to the skin requires further investigation. To evaluate the changes in collagen synthesis and skin-associated gene expression during aging, fibroblasts were subjected to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (20M) for 2weeks (Makpol et al., 2011). KYC supervised the data curation and interpretation, reviewed and edited the manuscript. Health Benefits of Tocotrienols: From Skin To Heart Health The skin is the primary protection layer that shields the body from environmental effects (Cravello and Ferri, 2008). Accessibility UV exposure increases oxidized lipids in cells, thus triggering inflammation. (2010). Vaz, S., Silva, R., Amaral, M. H., Martins, E., Lobo, J. S., and Silva, A. C. (2019). WebThis is because there is significant difference in ratio of tocotrienols to tocopherol in palm based tocotrienols (3.5:1) compared to rice based tocotrienols (1:1). The Gen-loaded prototype showed potential in delivering antioxidant protection into skin layers without being partitioned, unlike many other topically applied cream formulations. Synergistically, -tocotrienol, -tocotrienol, and kojic acid boosted the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase levels. Potential benefits. Gamma-tocotrienol inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway through inhibition of receptor-interacting protein and TAK1 leading to suppression of antiapoptotic gene products and potentiation of apoptosis. (2022). When DNA damage occurs as a result of UV radiation, repair mechanisms will switch on to oppose the development of mutations and skin carcinogenesis. Several studies have been performed to understand how inflammatory activities could affect skin health. Zhou, C., Tabb, M. M., Sadatrafiei, A., Grun, F., and Blumberg, B. Tocotrienols activate the steroid and xenobiotic receptor, SXR, and selectively regulate expression of its target genes. (2020). Why Annatto Tocotrienol | Dr. Barrie Tan View abstract. 13, 823881. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.823881, Chen, R. H., and Heh, R. S. (2000). Overview Uses Side Effects Precautions Interactions Dosing Overview Vitamin E is an essential nutrient that contains tocotrienols and tocopherols. Schaffer, S., Muller, W. E., and Eckert, G. P. Tocotrienols: constitutional effects in aging and disease. 2022 Dec 24;15(1):92. doi: 10.3390/nu15010092. This structure allows them to regulate signaling pathways, such as inflammation, cell apoptosis and proliferation (Wallert et al., 2020). Based on this mechanism, many antioxidants, including tocotrienol, have been studied to combat skin aging. Ultimately, skin damage manifests through two mechanisms, namely, photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. (2010) proved that -tocotrienol can suppress PGE2, COX-2, and interleukins in vitro. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002;11 Suppl 7:S452-S459. skin, and lungs, increasing the risk of most chronic, degenerative diseases, such as heart disease and cancer, and more. The study showed that TRF provided sufficient protection against UV irradiation, as it displayed the least reduction in antioxidant capacity while retaining a significant 78% of relative 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. The accumulation of ROS leads to the oxidation of DNA and lipids in addition to the shortening of the telomeres and disruption of collagen synthesis. Free Radic. Benefits Acad. In HR-1 hairless mice, oral tocotrienol suppressed UVB-induced changes in skin thickness, COX-2 protein expression, and hyperplasia, while -tocopherol resulted in no changes. Tocotrienol has been found to provide unique health benefits including brain health (27), liver health (79), cardiovascular health (1011), skin health (1215), and hair regrowth in participants with hair loss. J. Dispersion Sci. Naito, Y., Shimozawa, M., Kuroda, M., Nakabe, N., Manabe, H., Katada, K., Kokura, S., Ichikawa, H., Yoshida, N., Noguchi, N., and Yoshikawa, T. Tocotrienols reduce 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced monocyte-endothelial cell interaction by inhibiting the surface expression of adhesion molecules. Lipids 1995;30(12):1139-1143. Cancer is J. Clin. Hussein, D. and Mo, H. d--tocotrienol-mediated suppression of the proliferation of human PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2, and BxPC-3 pancreatic carcinoma cells. These two types of rays were reported to have different permeability rates in human skin. These results indicate that -tocotrienol may act as a whitening agent. Nutrients 9 (8), 866. doi:10.3390/nu9080866, Rinnerthaler, M., Bischof, J., Streubel, M. K., Trost, A., and Richter, K. (2015). Dermatol. Oxidative stress in aging human skin. In the first study, murine melanoma cells were treated with various tocotrienol isomers for 24h. The results showed that -tocotrienols at either 10M or 20M were unable to inhibit the proliferation of melanoma cells. The roles of vitamin C in skin health. Technol. View abstract. JAG executed funding acquisition, conceptualized the review, supervised the data curation and interpretation, reviewed and edited the manuscript. Tocotrienols The distribution of vitamin E was measured before and after treatment with TRF. UV radiation causes skin cells to undergo inflammatory responses via the increased production of various inflammatory mediators. TocoGaia UVB light upregulates prostaglandin synthases and prostaglandin receptors in mouse keratinocytes. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2000;51 Suppl:S95-103. Skin hydration effects, physico-chemical properties and vitamin E release ratio of vital moisture creams containing water-soluble chitosans. J. Cosmet. Med. Pill Identifier Tool Quick, Easy, Pill Identification, Drug Interaction Tool Check Potential Drug Interactions, Pharmacy Locator Tool Including 24 Hour, Pharmacies. View abstract. Cardiovascular disease is one of the top killers in America. The exclusion criteria were 1) review articles, books and conference abstracts and 2) articles written in languages other than English. If you have diabetes, it's best to check with your healthcare provider before starting tocotrienols. (2010) tested the effects of -tocotrienol on inflammation induced by squalene hyperoxide in immortalized human keratinocytes. Cell Cycle 2004;3;205-11. Monitor your blood sugar closely if you take tocotrienols. (2007) reported that -tocotrienol can inhibit the NF-B activation pathway, which further decreased the expression of antiapoptotic gene products, leading to the downregulation of various gene products. (2007). Generally, the studies reported above showed that -tocotrienol upregulated the gene and protein expression of collagen, prevented collagen degradation and suppressed apoptosis in human fibroblasts undergoing senescence. This enzyme is stabilized by tyrosinase-related protein (TRP) 1 and 2 in the process of melanin formation. (2014) found that -tocotrienol reduced melanin production similar to that produced by arbutin, which is known to inhibit melanosomal tyrosinase activity. Front. In another clinical trial, Ismail et al. The dose of your diabetes medication might need to be changed. View abstract. View abstract. Med. Role of phytochemicals in skin photoprotection via regulation of Nrf2. (2021). Tocotrienols Vitamin E as an antiosteoporotic agent via receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-b ligand signaling disruption: Current evidence and other potential research areas. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Comparing the effects of different vitamin E isomers on the skin moisture level in a similar animal model in the future will be interesting. The present data showed that tocotrienols protect the skin from inflammation, UV radiation and melanin accumulation. Ng et al. Comparable down-regulation of TYR, TYRP1 and TYRP2 genes and inhibition of melanogenesis by tyrostat, tocotrienol-rich fraction and tocopherol in human skin melanocytes improves skin pigmentation. In theory, taking tocotrienols along with diabetes medications might cause blood sugar levels to drop too low. tocotrienols The activation of NF-B leads to a decrease in collagen production, while the level of the MMP gene increases (Zhang and Duan, 2018). -, Bang E., Kim D. H., Chung H. Y. Moreover, the sesamin diet is a mixture of lignans from sesame seeds. Fuchs, J., Weber, S., Podda, M., Groth, N., Herrling, T., Packer, L., and Kaufmann, R. HPLC analysis of vitamin E isoforms in human epidermis: correlation with minimal erythema dose and free radical scavenging activity. View abstract. Allergy Drug Targets 13 (3), 153161. -. Other tissues also showed a higher content of -tocopherol compared to other isomers. Many natural antioxidant compounds have been studied extensively to reverse the signs of aging skin. The circumcised foreskins were induced with oxidative stress to achieve premature senescence. vitamins, herbs, dietary supplements a-z list. (2007). The -tocopherol group showed a higher degree of sunburn, while the vitamin E-free group had the worst sunburn. View abstract. Tocopherol and tocotrienol structure adapted. Biomarkers, oxidative stress and autophagy in skin aging. Ahn, K. S., Sethi, G., Krishnan, K., and Aggarwal, B. (2010) investigated the effect of -tocotrienol in inhibiting inflammation induced by UVB in both in vitro and in vivo models. Chem. View abstract. (2011). Pharmacol. View abstract. The relevance of studies was assessed using a hierarchical approach based on the title, abstract, and the full manuscript. Traber MG, Podda M, Weber C, Thiele J, Rallis M, Packer L. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. The study compared the effect of -tocotrienol treatment on young and old human skin fibroblasts. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Vitam Horm 2007;76:419-433. View abstract. Vitamin D Deficiency: How Much Vitamin D Is Enough? Torres A, Rego L, Martins MS, Ferreira MS, Cruz MT, Sousa E, Almeida IF. Skin hydration: A review on its molecular mechanisms. (2003) found that the application of BPO reduced the content of vitamin E and increased TEWL significantly. Biochem Pharmacol 2010;80(11):1613-1631. Sci. TABLE 1. Copyright 2023 by RxList Inc. An Internet Brands company. To date, limited studies have examined the effect of vitamin E on skin wrinkles. Researchers have been studying the efficacy of using different types of vehicles, such as lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, humectants, and chitosans, to transport and improve the release of vitamin E into the epidermis due to its inherent instability and short lifespan (Chen and Heh, 2000; Yenilmez et al., 2011; Vaz et al., 2019; Ijaz and Akhtar, 2020). Pharm. View abstract. This photoprotective effect can be enhanced by the addition of sesamin. In a separate study, Ismail et al. The skin is the largest organ of the body that protects from mechanical, thermal, and physical injury. The combination of these effects resulted in improved skin health. The skin produces melanin as a defense mechanism against the harmful effects of UVB, UVA, and blue visible light irradiation (Solano, 2020). View abstract. Appl. It was developed by PhytoGaia specifically for oral and topical skin beauty. Tocotrienols also seem to benefit people with a genetic disorder called familial dysautonomia by increasing levels of a certain protein in blood cells. Some medications used for diabetes include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others. Protease-activated receptor 2 induces ROS-mediated inflammation through Akt-mediated NF-B and FoxO6 modulation during skin photoaging. Ageing Res. UV also causes skin damage through DNA photodamage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. J. Pharm. View abstract. Molecular aspects of -tocotrienol antioxidant action and cell signalling. Squalene and tocotrienols are used widely and individually in the topical and oral cosmetic products. Elsewhere, Yamada et al. Some research shows that tocotrienols might decrease blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Tocotrienols Supplement: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Dose Anbualakan K, Tajul Urus NQ, Makpol S, Jamil A, Mohd Ramli ES, Md Pauzi SH, Muhammad N. Nutrients. Within the skin, melanin is produced by melanosomes, which are a type of lysosome (Zhu et al., 2020). official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Rev. (2014) induced melanoma cells with -melanocyte-stimulating hormone before treating them with either -tocotrienol or arbutin for 24h. Moreover, Makpol et al. BPO was used to increase lipid peroxidation and disturbance in the skin barrier (Weber et al., 2003). Suarna, C., Hood, R. L., Dean, R. T., and Stocker, R. Comparative antioxidant activity of tocotrienols and other natural lipid-soluble antioxidants in a homogeneous system, and in rat and human lipoproteins. Skin pigmentation abnormalities and their possible relationship with skin aging. doi:10.3390/biom5020545, Ryu, H. S., Joo, Y. H., Kim, S. O., Park, K. C., and Youn, S. W. (2008). Exp. Int J Cancer 1994;57(4):529-531. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2008.05.017, Brownlow, B., Nagaraj, V. J., Nayel, A., Joshi, M., and Elbayoumi, T. (2015). The introduction of -tocotrienol helped to preserve telomere length and decreased telomerase activity in old fibroblasts. FIGURE 1. Pigment. (2010), oxidative stress affects telomere length and telomerase activity in fibroblasts from young, middle-aged, and old subjects. Diversified stimuli-induced inflammatory pathways cause skin pigmentation. Chem. Careers. Benefits (2008). Meanwhile, Yamada et al. Dermatol. 8600 Rockville Pike 3 (1), 3543. Modulation of collagen synthesis and its gene expression in human skin fibroblasts by tocotrienol-rich fraction. 11, 362. doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00362, Weber, C., Podda, M., Rallis, M., Thiele, J. J., Traber, M. G., and Packer, L. (1997). Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1031:143-57. Tocotrienols doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.01044.x, Bang, E., Kim, D. H., and Chung, H. Y. After 6weeks, half of the mice were exposed to UV irradiation once daily for 7days. However, the levels of all antioxidants were reduced significantly when the skin was exposed to UV irradiation. In some people, applying vitamin E, which contains tocopherols and tocotrienols, may cause contact dermatitis. Sonneville-Aubrun, O., Yukuyama, M. N., and Pizzino, A. B. The therapeutic impacts of tocotrienols in type 2 diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia. As the therapeutic value of tocotrienols grows, the potential of these vitamin E analogs to the skin requires further investigation. (2012). doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00574.x, Lee, A. Y. In addition, aging also alters physiological aspects of the skin, such as transepidermal water loss (TEWL), diminished skin hydration and sebum secretion (Luebberding et al., 2013). The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Sci. However, the function of the skin deteriorates with age at a rate that is influenced by lifestyle (Levakov et al., 2012). (1997), mice were fed a commercial chow diet containing -tocopherol (30 6mg/kg diet), -tocopherol (10 1mg/kg diet), -tocotrienol (3.1 0.7mg/kg diet), and -tocotrienol (7.4 1.7mg/kg diet). Three authors performed the search individually and screened items based on titles and abstracts. Copyright 2022 Ghazali, Mohd Rais, Makpol, Chin, Yap and Goon. WebBenefits: Anti-Aging, Evens Skin Tone, Soothing Categories: Antioxidant Tocotrienols at a Glance Potent forms of vitamin E that are considered stable and powerful antioxidants However, the function and appearance of skin visibly degenerates with age due to its frequent exposure to harmful effects of the environment, including ultraviolet irradiation and hazardous substances, in addition to the progression of oxidative stress in aging. A., et al. View abstract. *Correspondence: Jo Aan Goon, joaan@ukm.edu.my, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.1006198.
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