Spanish. A Shi'ite Muslim dynasty that ruled in Persia (Iran and parts of Iraq) from the 16th-18th centuries that had a mixed culture of the Persians, Ottomans and Arabs. Restrictions on women were softened and everyone had religious tolerance. How did the Mexica Aztec justify imperial rule? \end{array} & 2997.11 & 3 & 999.04 & 15.54 & 1.2 \mathrm{E}-06 & 2.866 \\ The Safavid Empire was centered in modern-day Iran and included parts of Iraq, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey. Families were separated and there was a gender imbalance because more men were taken than women. African Americans Even into her 60s, Queen Nzinga personally led her troops into battle to protect their land. TheFrenchEmpiredeclinedinthenineteenthcentury. The name of the paintin The original rules were superseded by the addition of several new directives. The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids (1501-1736, Persia) were Shi'a Muslims. Tolerant of Central Asian belief systems. What methods were used by the Ottoman Empire to collect taxes? Networks of exchange majorly increased as trade became more and more important and caused empires to grow in wealth. The Aztecs demanded specific goods from conquered people, called Tribute. Still used Mandate of Heaven, State and NeoConfucianism. Land-Based Empires 1450-1750 CE Term 1 / 15 Europe Causes/Ways of Expansion Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 15 Monarchies gain pawer due to the end of the medieval period along with more literacy among the population, increasing development economically and centralization Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by It was one of the largest and most long-lasting empires in world history. The Indian Ocean consisted of people making a living working there, manufactured goods, and it was more industrialized. The Tokugawa period was also a time of cultural and artistic flourishing, with the emergence of several distinct artistic styles and the rise of a wealthy, urban merchant class. A trained Ottoman soldier in gunpowder weapons taken as a child and raised Muslim, AP World History Unit 3: Land-Based Empires, AP WORLD Chapter 35: Nationalism and Politica. Women in the Ottoman Empire also experienced some expanded freedoms. Organizing a society is essential to maintaining stability within an Empire. It came to an end in the mid-19th century, as the British East India Company gained more and more control over India and eventually took control of the Mughal Empire. I believe I ________close the windows in case of rain. TheFrenchEmpirewasoneofthelargestandmostpowerfulempiresinhistory,withterritoriesinEurope,theAmericas,Africa,andAsiaatitspeak. Disease wiped out most of the population and many that were left were able to escape because of superior knowledge of the land. What were the characteristics of the Safavid Empire? The Safavid Empire declined in the late 18th century and was eventually dissolved in the early 19th century. It was also renowned for its architectural and artistic accomplishments, as well as its military prowess. This is whats known as the. The effects consisted of increased warfare and wealth in West Africa as they traded goods for warfare. It had a centralized, autocratic government and a diverse population that included Muslims, Christians, and Jews. From 1368 to 1644, China was ruled by the Ming dynasty. (The Ming Dynasty was the last native dynasty in China). States utilized the economic, political and military contributions of different ethnic and religious groups. These new markets were profitable, but could only be sustained with a lot of cheap or free labor. Qing portraits of emperors and high officials meant to impress. Akbar was very tolerant of religions and removed the jizya. How did joint-stock companies allow European states to consolidate and maintain power in their colonies? Black people traded there. What were the impacts of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on the Americas? The Ottoman Turks were able to control the Silk Road, which was a trading route that connected Europe with the markets in Asia and the Middle East. TheFrenchEmpirewasdistinguishedbyapowerfulcentralizedgovernmentandavastnetworkoftradeandcolonization. Eliminate repetition by replacing the boldfaced word or words with a synonym from your lesson words. Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned the Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife. Use Fisher's LSD method to determine which means differ at the 5% level of significance. What is a caravel and why was it significant in the 1450 to 1750 time period? Free peasants affected by heavy debts often lost their land and were forced into serfdom. After the tumultuous years of the Mongol invasion and the subsequent Yuan dynasty, it was also a time of relative peace and prosperity in China. The caraval, carrack and fluyt were all new technologies that helped countries increase their access to sea trade and travel. They gave lower class white workers. During the Ottoman Empire, the arts, including literature, architecture, and music, flourished. Brutal Conquests in the 16th century. The fall of the Aztec Empire marked the end of the pre-Columbian civilizations in Mesoamerica and the beginning of the colonial period. The Spanish Empire was one of the most powerful empires in history, with territories in Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Asia at its peak. The Sunni and Shia split after the death of Muhammad. How did new technology lead to changes in trade & travel? How did the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912), in China centralize their bureaucracies? Growing dissent among oppressed and poor populations pushed European states to invest in exploration and trade. What were the causes and impacts of the Columbian Exchange? The Qing Dynasty was China's final imperial dynasty. New crops and livestock changed eating habits and largely increased the global population. What could be done about them? AP World: Long Essay Question (LEQ) Overview | Fiveable It also led the European powers to look for a different route to reach Asia, beginning the Age of Exploration. The Dynasty produced thriving trade and sea trade. What were the impacts the trans-Atlantic slave trade on West Africa? The Inca Empire, also known as the Inka Empire or the Tawantinsuyu, was a South American empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of modern-day Peru, Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, and Colombia from the 13th to the 16th century. The Mexica were a Native American civilization that existed from the 14th to the 16th centuries in central Mexico. The global economy thrived as trade, inflation was caused, and labor increased. The Russian Empire lasted from 1721 until the 1917 Russian Revolution. On the backs of millions of slaves, sugar eventually outpaced silver as the most profitable good at the time. These diseases killed up to 90% of the population. The Atlantic Slave Trade was expanded to supply labor throughout the colonies. Mountain men Stopped crusades and expanded Islam. For example, the Kongo was in decline. Global trade was insanely profitable and new elite classes enjoyed this wealth. The French were the least important empire but they had military supremacy. Explorers also tried to proselytize others. The Incan Empire was founded in the early 13th century and reached its height of power in the 15th century, when it controlled a large territory that included much of the western Andes and parts of present-day Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina. Africans were kidnapped, often with the help of local rulers, and brought to the New World. They had a powerful military as they conquered land and empires easily. . grandson of Babur who created a strong central government, officials selected in England to keep order, document that gave England a government based on a system of laws and a freely elected parliament, A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc. It was also a period of economic and cultural growth, with the creation of a unified currency and the development of a distinct Qing style of art and literature. The Qing Dynasty is known for its territorial expansion, including the conquest of Taiwan and parts of Central Asia. Music was a key factor for survival in many slave communities. . Are there any areas in or around your school or neighborhood that are safety concerns? When a large number of these investments failed to return profits, many investors went bankrupt which had rippling effects on the economy. Utilization of religious ideas to solidify rule. This was used to generate revenue to continue the rise of state power and expansion. This helped to further consolidate the shogunate's power and maintain stability throughout the country. The Asante Empire and Kingdom of the Kongo participated in slave trade, which increased their wealth and power. 4. The Aztec Empire is particularly known for its system of writing, which was based on glyphs, or symbols, that represented sounds and concepts. How did Maritime (sea-based) Empires exert and expand their power? Salvation came from faith alone and the Church could not determine your destiny. Heres a few examples of how states were challenged between 1450-1750: After the British and Dutch pushed the Portuguese out of India, they turned their attention to expanding their role in the African slave trade. Although the population of Africa ultimately increased because of increased food resources, in some regions the population declined as slaves were kidnapped. What were some of the economic outcomes of European maritime exploration (positive and negative). In the Americas, the Spanish established the e, Meanwhile, the silver trade was insanely profitable for the Spanish and the mines at. William of Orange was backed by Protestants to overthrow him. How did the Inca organize their empire and generate revenue? How was the Protestant conflict similar to and different from the Ottoman/Safavid split? Explain how land-based empires utilized monumental architecture to maintain power: Land-based empires utilized monumental architecture to maintain power because the large creations were used to show off wealth that the empires and rulers had. What methods were used by the Mughal Empire (1526-1857 CE). 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. The Columbian Exchange was started by Christopher Columbus and it traded luxury goods around the globe. His death effectively ended the Mughal Empire and the. Trade between Europe and Asia had to go through the Mediterranean, which was controlled by Italian city-states. Unit 3 FRQ B - In the period from 1450 to 1750 the - Course Hero What are the various methods used by land based empires to collect taxes in this era? Although some existed before and after, most are confined to this time period. Also there was heavy taxation as well as lots of trade on land and sea. (subject), v.v.v. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, which resulted in the establishment of the Soviet Union, the Russian Empire was dissolved. 1. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend. \text { Groups } The Songhai Empire declined in the late 16th century as a result of internal conflicts and Moroccan invasions. The Songhai Empire was a major regional power in West Africa and had a significant influence on the culture and history of the region. The Ottoman Empire was at its most powerful in the 16th and 17th centuries, when it ruled over much of southeastern Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. In 1494, they signed the, The Spanish conquistadors brought down the thriving Aztec and Inca empires within a few decades. \end{array} & \text { Ss } & \text { df } & \text { MS } & \text { F } & \text { p-value } & \text { Fcrit } \\ The Manchu imposed their will on the Qing people Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn \hline \begin{array}{l} It was founded by Catherine the Great, who established the Romanov Dynasty and expanded the territory of the empire through military conquests. Explain how rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and - Prezi What changes (political, social, cultural) occurred as a result of the Protestant Reformation? Rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate power in land- based empires. The most immediate effect on indigenous communities was the massive depopulation caused by disease. In each of the given sentences, underline the relative pronoun and circle the word to which it refers. It was also known for its impressive architectural achievements, such as the construction of roads, aqueducts, and terraced agriculture. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Jewish communities faced increased, Jews of Spanish descent that migrated to North Africa and the Middle East are referred to as Sephardic. It was also a multicultural state, with Han Chinese, Manchus, Mongols, and other ethnic groups living there. A major difference between these two types of empires is that the empires on the left were predominantly land based, meaning most of their power and wealth came from the land. Safavids were Shia Islam, and the Mughals were Sunni, West Africa, Morocco invaded Songhai and eventually brought it down, Examples: Muslim & Hindus in the Mughal Empires, Muslims & Christians in the Ottoman Empire. How did leaders legitimize their rule through architecture 1450-1700? Legitimizing Power 4. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Songhai Empire ruled over a large portion of West Africa. They would kidnap slaves and trade them to Europeans in exchange for wealth and guns, which made local rivalries far more violent. The Ottoman, Mughal and Russian empires conquered other lands from 1450-1750 and either proliferated a certain religion or they instituted a religious tolerance policy within their empires. What did the Protestant Reformation continue? Include both positive and negative outcomes. The Aztec Empire came to an end in the 16th century, when it was conquered by the Spanish conquistadors, led by Hernn Corts. The rulers and nobles all converted to Islam. Religion (ex: European notion of divine right, Songhai promotion of Islam) Describe new technologies of the 1450 - 1750 time period and specific examples of how they facilitated patterns of trade and travel from 1450 to 1750. In order to prevent white and black oppressed groups from conspiring, the Virginia government wielded racist policies to drive a wedge. It was enormous and beautiful. Negative - disease, environmental issues, more money being spent to fix the issues. They established a. France and England were not as financially stable. They ruled with aristocrats who were elected based on merit and their power was controlled. to collect taxes? Their Sun God needed human blood so it would not descend into eternal darkness. In what way might the narrator's family and the police have acted if they thought it was a ghost in the house? Ethnic divisions: The majority Han ethnicity faced the most intolerance from the Qing. What court rituals did the Songhai Empire (c. 1464 - 1591), in West Africa centralize their bureaucracies? During the Inca Empire, the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, flourished. The middle class included the military, scholars, and other bureaucratic groups. Economic systems were disrupted as trade intensified. This made the journey more expensive and more dangerous. This was an extreme case of class mobility, but is an example of what was possible. The Mughals in India were open to trade with Europeans and the, The Spanish and Portuguese divided up the lands of the Americas before they even explored or conquered any of it. The modern nation of Turkey was established on the territory of the former Ottoman Empire and is the successor state to the Ottoman Empire. The Inca Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its sophisticated system of government and administration. \text { Groups } A beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife. , ldings called catacombs They embraced "Divine Right" which claims that the king is God's representative on Earth and carries out his bidding. The Mughal Empire was characterized by a period of economic, cultural, and architectural prosperity, and it is regarded as one of India's greatest empires. Although some existed before and after, most are confined to this time period. The Asante benefited from participation in the trading networks as they got slaves, gold, ivory, and kola nuts. Manchu Empire, 1911. The only one of the singers who (knows, know) this part is absent. Which of the following contributed most to the emergence of Russia as an expanding Eurasian power in the period between 1450 and 1750? The Mughal Empire is also known for its religious tolerance, as the emperors welcomed people of different faiths and sought to create a peaceful and harmonious society. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. After him (not directly) Aurangzeb forbade Hindus and and reversed Akbar's policies. At this time, wealth was measured by how much gold or silver a country had on hand. Before 1450, regional trade was all the rage as the Silk Roads, Indian Ocean network, and Trans-Saharan routes exploded with more merchants and goods flowing. The tsar wielded absolute power in this autocracy. The Tokugawa shogunate, a feudal government led by the Tokugawa family, ruled during this period of political stability and economic growth. Use these abbreviations: subj.subj.subj. It was distinguished by a global trade network and a system of colonies and dependencies. Unit 3 Flashcards | Quizlet This was significant because it also was one of the best ships for sea travel and trade in Europe. An internal challenge to power comes from people within the state such as citizens, enslaved people, or colonies. Explain how land-based empires utilized religious art and ideas to maintain power: Land-based empires utilized religious art and ideas to maintain power because rulers were able to either have religious tolerance or have a specific religion that they believe. The Dutch Empire was characterized by a strong centralized government and a global network of trade and colonization. China and Japan has isolationist policies as it motivated the desire to prevent forgein influences to disrupt their core values. The connection of the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) and the New World (the Americas) unlocked a massive flow of goods, people, ideas, and disease. \text { Within } \\ (Christians and Muslims). \hline The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. After her death, the Portuguese gained control of the region until well 1975. For example, gunpowder developed by the Chinese changed the method of conquest and made its way through South Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. The Incan Empire, also known as the Inca Empire, was a South American empire that was located in the Andes Mountains. These, Gunpowder technology was getting better, making it easier to use guns. The Russian Empire is particularly known for its contributions to the fields of science and technology, as many notable scientists and inventors, including Mikhail Lomonosov and Dmitry Mendeleev, worked and studied in Russia during this time. The Atlantic Slave Trade began immediately after the Portuguese arrived in Africa, but seriously expanded after Native American populations were decimated. Describe European maritime empires: Spanish. How did land-based empires generate revenue to expand and maintain power? ), Royal officials in France sent to execute orders of the central government, A palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris; showed power and wealth of French government. Land-based empires generated revenue to expand and maintain power by creating new tax collection systems and used tribute collection. The Safavid Empire was a Persian Empire that ruled over parts of present-day Iran, Iraq, and the Caucasus region from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. Trade thrived and art led to success. The Mughal emperors, particularly Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Jahangir, were patrons of the arts and encouraged the development of a distinct Mughal style of art and architecture. 1555 agreement after the 30 Years War declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler. Thats complicated, and unique to each state. Missionaries Methods used by rulers to hold onto power in their empires? Would\underline{\text{Would}}Would your cousin care to join us for lunch?
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