Criminal profiling is legal, and law enforcement agencies use it to investigate crimes. In Orange County California, a database containing the names and photographs of reputed gang members appeared to racially profile.3 Latinos, Asians and African Americans were more than 90 percent of the 20,221 men and women in the Gang Reporting Evaluation and Tracking system, but made up less than half of Orange County's population. If certainpeople are more likely to commit certain kinds of crimes, it makes sense to target them, they say. In Terry v Ohio, 391 U.S. 1 (1968), the court held that stop-and-frisk searches, which were linked to widespread racial profiling and harassment, must be warranted to be legal. The federal governments encouragement of unprecedented raids on immigrant communities and workplaces by local law enforcement in cooperation with federal agencies has targeted Latino communities in particular. Cases of police unlawfully profiling, abusing or detaining Hispanics have not only led to investigations by the U.S. Justice Department but have also made a series of headlines in places such as Arizona, California, and Connecticut. Hampton eventually called her husband to the scene and the situation escalated. The article contains a writing guide, a collection of racial profiling essay topics, ideas, and examples, as well as the tips on making a racial profiling essay outline. It contains plenty of useful materials for everyone. In racial profiling, law enforcement officials target individuals as suspects in a crime based on the individual's race, ethnicity, religion, or national origin, according to the American Civil Liberties Union. Instead of just presenting your point of view, you need to gather the most convincing facts that can influence your audience. Some victims of racial profiling receive only a traffic ticket or are inconvenienced by being taken to the police station for no reason. Students can find guides on how to improve their writing and academic performance in general, get useful tips on making their study process more efficient, or learn how to deal with particular issues. 29 January. [note 8] Grogger, Jeffrey, and Greg Ridgeway, Testing for Racial Profiling in Traffic Stops from Behind a Veil of Darkness, Journal of the American Statistical Association 101 (2006): 878887; Worden, Robert E., Sarah J. McLean, and Andrew P. Wheeler, Testing for Racial Profiling With the Veil-of-Darkness Method, Police Quarterly 15 (March 2012): 92111. Racial Profiling University of Michigan Law School. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. How Does Racial Profiling Violate Civil Rights? Racial profiling relies on stereotypes about race, color, ethnicity, ancestry, or religionrather than on a reasonable suspicionto single out an individual for greater scrutiny or different treatment, according to the Ontario Human Rights Commission. This is everyday racial profiling - and it doesn't just hurt the victims. Hence, some researchers argue that what happens during the stop is as important as the reason for it. An investigative method in which a police officer, through observation of activities, identifies suspicious behavior patterns by individuals and develops a legal basis to detain and question. All the power is in your hands, so lets figure out how to use it! Racial profiling affects a wide array of communities of color. A study in Cincinnati found that Black drivers had longer stops and higher search rates than white drivers. According to the ACLU, racial profiling is a term that describes when law enforcement officials target and discriminate against people because of their race, ethnicity, national origin or religion.. Quiz - June 2020, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. Since September 11, 2001, members of Muslim, Arab, and South Asian communities have been profiled by airline personnel, federal law enforcement, and local police. Every statement you include in the main body of the writing should be supported by evidence. In one study, many people described feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like the court case that stated after completion of a traffic stop, separate reasonable articular suspicion is required to support continued detention, Supreme Court case that stated whether assessing a detention is to long in duration to be justified a stop we considered it appropriate to examine whether the police presented a means . A recent example would be the complaint by an African American man in Maryland, who after moving into a white community, was attacked and subjected to property damage. There are so many more topic ideas, but if youre feeling stuck, go ahead to the articles next sections! Racial profiling also refers to instances when law officers refuse to act to prevent crimes solely based on race, such as when police fail to respond to reports of violence against Black families in a white neighborhood or prevent the lynchings of African-Americans. And if you struggle to come up with a good one yourself, you can get help from a thesis statement generator online. Below youll find links to 3 racial profiling essay examples. 10. Terrorist attacs in 9/11, hate crimes, and racial profiling, Racial profiling of minority groups in the US. Racial profiling is at play when immigration enforcement officials target Asian, Middle Eastern, or Muslim immigrants for detention without any evidence that these individuals have committed crimes. Is racial profiling a discrimination or a necessary evil? Living while Black on Campus: a Roadmap for Student Activism. What Is the Legal Definition of Racial Profiling? In 1997, California state highway patrol canine units stopped almost 34,000 vehicles. A second test is the hit rate, or the number of stops that actually unearth criminal activity. What Causes Racial Profiling? - University of Notre Dame He became the fifth black male in the city to die at the hands of police in a five-month period and the fifteenth since 1995. Real help for those who cant cope with the task! Gammage's family settled a wrongful death civil rights lawsuit against the five officers involved and their police departments for $1.5 million. Opinion is dramatically different than in November 2009 - one year after Barack Obama was elected president - when just 18% said . Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio has been accused of anti-Latino racism. Although racial profiling affects many sectors of American society, particularly education and employment, for the purposes of this paper, I will be focusing on racial . This is why everyday racial profiling is so dangerous | CNN A 2021 Pew Research Center study revealed that 16% of Hispanic adults who have darker skin reported that they had been unfairly stopped by police in the 12 months prior to March 2021, as opposed to 8% of those with lighter skin. But racial profiling opponents cite research they say proves the practice is ineffective. Members of each of these occupations have been accused of racial profiling. Included were skin color, speaking Spanish or English with a Spanish accent, appearing to be of South or Central American descent and wearing clothing not typical of North Americans. Such characterizations in major American cities are common to born and naturalized citizens alike. Resolving each of these questions requires different data sources and different methodological approaches. 106 Racial Profiling Essay Topic Ideas & Examples. The darker a persons skin, the more often they experience profiling. Condoleezza Rice may have been racially profiled while shopping. Racial profiling is at play when immigration enforcement officials target Asian, Middle Eastern, or Muslim immigrants for detention without any evidence that these individuals have committed crimes. A lock ( Socialization leading to prejudiced attitudes occurs in the family, as well as through the media and peers, while prejudice is an attitude, discrimination is ______, Holding the belief that one does not notice racial differences, and that discussing race only perpetuates racism, would be considered. How Racial Profiling Led to the Death of Trayvon Martin? New York (Bronx-New York City) - On February 4, 1999, Amadou Diallo, an unarmed 22 year-old immigrant from New Guinea, West Africa, was shot and killed in the narrow vestibule of the apartment building where he lived. After making several purchases, they went to the cosmetics counter to redeem a coupon. A similar case also occurred in Maryland with the same result. Evidence produced in one case showed that although 16 percent of its shoppers were African American, 87 percent of the false arrest claims were made by them. 1. In racial profiling, law enforcement officials target individuals as suspects in a crime based on the individuals race, ethnicity, religion, or national origin, according to the. For others, however, racial profiling results in death or serious injury. Be careful with sources and information. The settlement included a summary that Latinos were 96 percent of the 2,907 people arrested in the 187 worksite raids carried out by the INS in the district, fat greater than their representation in the city's legal or illegal population. Md., 1993) featured another study. The authors concluded that the results did not support the perception that a high level of discrimination occurs prior to a traffic stop. Definition and Examples, How to Tell If You've Been Unintentionally Racist, Audience Analysis in Speech and Composition, Black and Latino New Yorkers Subjected to Stop-and-Frisk, M.A., English and Comparative Literary Studies, Occidental College, B.A., English, Comparative Literature, and American Studies, Occidental College. A Definition and Examples of Racial Profiling - ThoughtCo a. Professional basketball player and Olympic medalist Sheryl Swoopes was kept waiting to be seated for almost an hour at a restaurant, while whites who arrived after her were seated before her (Houston, Texas). Furthermore, researchers are exploring whether bias, if it exists, is a department-wide culture or isolated in certain units or a select few problem officers. So, in addition to questions about bias in the decision to initiate a stop, questions have been asked about bias in other aspects of the traffic stop: the length of the stop and the decision to cite, search or use force. This is an archive page that is no longer being updated. Stories about racial profiling constantly appear in the news, but that doesnt mean the public has a good grasp on what this discriminatory practice is. [note 10] Walker, Samuel, Searching for the Denominator: Problems with Police Traffic Stop Data and an Early Warning System Solution, Justice Research and Policy 3 (2001): 6395. [note 4] Alpert, Geoffrey P., Michael R. Smith, and Roger G. Dunham, Toward a Better Benchmark: Assessing the Utility of Not-at-Fault Traffic Crash Data in Racial Profiling Research, paper presented at Confronting Racial Profiling in the 21st Century: Implications for Racial Justice, Boston, 2003. Racial Profiling Essay: Outline, Examples, & Writing Tips Indigenous people ( Native Americans) call it DWI, with a new twist: Driving While Indian. According to the National American Indian Housing Council, there are 2.4 million Indians (including Eskimos and Aleuts) in the U.S. Indians complain about stops and searches by local police and sheriffs on roads leading to and from reservations. The effects are particularly devastating to children and young people, according to the Commission. Exemplification essays, which are also called illustration essays, are considered one of the easiest papers to write. For example, the ACLU cites the 2001 case of Timothy Thomas, an unarmed 19-year-old African-American man with various nonviolent misdemeanor warrants who was shot and killed while running away from police in Cincinnati. We hope that it will inspire you to make an A+ argumentative racial profiling essay or even a persuasive speech on the topic! What Does the Constitution Say About Racial Profiling? After finding the receipt for the items, he shoved the goods and the empty bag back to her. Law enforcement agent includes a person acting in a policing capacity for public or private purposes. , minorities described feeling suspicious, distrustful, angry, antagonistic, hostile, and afraid of law enforcement officers. There are three elements that any essay must have: The main body should have at least three paragraphs in which you present your arguments supported by evidence. What Is a Good Research Question for Racial Profiling? It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. The remaining two precincts were business districts in Manhattan and Brooklyn in which the daytime racial breakdown of persons within the precinct is unknown. Racial Profiling: Who Gets It Worse When the Gavel Comes Down? You can then focus on describing the impact it has on society, which makes a fantastic cause and effect essay. The essential part of such an essay is a clear thesis statement! How do strongly prejudiced people end up that way? So, if you are not experienced enough in writing exemplification essays, you will face certain challenges. At the end of the first year, Martinez should report bonds payable of, Write sentences using the chapter key term listed below, leaving blanks where the key terms would go. Ct. Law Div. Asians, who, according to the U.S. census, number 10 million, or 4 percent of the population, have been victims of racial profiling as well. [note 2] See, for example, the discussion of benchmarks in Ridgeway, Greg, and John MacDonald, Methods for Assessing Racially Biased Policing, in Race, Ethnicity, and Policing: New and Essential Readings, ed. On the other hand, criminal profiling relies on actual behavior or information about suspected activity by someone who meets a description of a suspect. IvyPanda, 29 Jan. 2023, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/racial-profiling-essay-examples/. a form of discrimination by which law enforcement uses a person's race or cultural background as the primary reason to suspect that the individual has broken the law. In June 2002 scores of Indians in the state's Bennett County complained to Department of Justice attorneys, alleging racial profiling at the hands of sheriffs there, including vehicular stops in the absence of reasonable suspicion, the administration of breathalyzer tests without reasonable suspicion, warrantless searches of homes and vehicles, and demanding to see drivers licenses and vehicle registrations while inside bars. These policies have unjustly expanded the purview of and undermined basic trust in local law enforcement, alienated immigrant communities, and created an atmosphere of fear. The ACLU argued that the bicyclists were stopped in this predominantly white suburb of Detroit because of their race and not because they were doing anything wrong. Dogs were trained to attack and bite suspects regardless of their actions, even against alleged shoplifters, gasoline siphoners and jaywalkers. What Is the Difference Between Behavior Profiling and Racial Profiling? A community coalition, the Cincinnati Black United Front and the ACLU of Ohio filed suit against the city and the Fraternal Order of Police, citing a pattern and practice of discrimination by police, including issuing the type of traffic citations Thomas received to African Americans at twice their population percentage. More than half of the Black men in the United States told a Pew Research Center survey that police have stopped them unfairly. Ohio (Cincinnati) - On April 7, 2001, in the early morning hours, Timothy Thomas, a 19 year-old African-American, was shot to death by police officer John Roach. in a sentence | Sentence examples by Cambridge Dictionary Blacks accounted for 30 percent of all persons "stopped" in these precincts; Hispanics accounted for 23.4 percent of all persons "stopped.". During the arrest, former police officer, now convicted murderer Derek Chauvin kept his knee on Floyd's neck while Floyd was handcuffed and lying on his face. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. George Floyd was a 46-year-old Black man who died on May 25th, 2020 in Minneapolis, Minnesota after being arrested for using a counterfeit $20 bill. Institutional racism can be seen in areas of wealth and income, criminal justice, employment, health care, housing, education, and politics, among others. Should Patients Undergo Racial Profiling? For example, the father of an African-American teenager may put a more rigid curfew on his son than the father of a white teen, for fear that the teen will be a racial profiling victim. In a trial that was moved out of the community where Diallo lived and to Albany in upstate New York, the four officers who killed Diallo were acquitted of all charges. (2023, January 29). Examples of racial profiling are the use of race to determine which drivers to stop for minor traffic violations (commonly referred to as "driving while black or brown"), or the use of race to determine . also occurred in Maryland with the same result. For others, however, racial profiling results in death or serious injury. The best way to do it is to create a racial profiling essay outline that serves as a foundation for your future essay. Others reported having nightmares and experiencing suicidal thoughts. Two people hit by the pellets filed lawsuits. Two nights of protests left broken windows at City Hall and fires around the city. This prevalent narrative is an example of racial profiling, which is "a form of differential treatment based on an individual's racial or ethnic social identity" (Williams 401). For example, a police department might use race to determine who to stop for minor traffic offenses or jaywalking. Three officers were tried for involuntary manslaughter: John Vojtas was acquitted; Lt. Milton Mulholland and Michael Albert had their charges dismissed after two mistrials. Exchange your sentences with those of another student and fill in the blanks in each other's sentences. There is also a way to show your creativity in the essay on racial profiling. It is important to note that the 19 highjackers of the planes that bombed the Twin Towers were between the age of 18 and 23 years, and were from the Middle East. When she complained about his actions, the guard ordered them to leave, and threatened to call the police and have them forcibly removed. Racial profiling by law enforcement is a serious and ongoing issue. By contrast, whites are 43.4 percent of the City's population, but accounted for only 12.9 percent of all stops. Racial Profiling Within the Criminal Justice System. One of the topics on the agenda of the world peace and security, the issue of racial profiling is well worth taking a closer look at. The way in which the justice system handled the circumstances behind the death of the black teenager represents a society that is less concerned with the plight of the black minority in the nation. An armed robbery has just occurred nearby, and the suspect is described as a black male, early 20's, dressed in a red t-. In one study, many people described feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. Our specialists will write a custom essay on any topic for $13.00 $10.40/page. Undocumented workers were discovered and arrested in all but a few of the reviewed raids, but nearly everyone arrested was Latino. Proving racial profiling typically requires the use of statistics. However, if the statistics show a high hit rate, the courts may consider the searches legal, regardless of whether race was a factor. In conclusion, you should summarize your arguments and paraphrase your racial profiling thesis statement. The parties negotiated a settlement that included establishing a civilian complaint review board. They also reported that in that year, 40 percent of police dog attacks were against African Americans, and that 91 people had received police dog bite injuries requiring hospitalization. It's incredibly offensive and unfair behavior that causes most of the protests in support of people of color. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/racial-profiling-essay-examples/, IvyPanda. Looking for a racial profiling essay topic? Below is a sample of research about traffic stops. About 31% of African-American women say police have unfairly stopped them. This definition of racial profiling is used in context and coupled with examples to help clarify. The ACLU works in courts, legislatures, and communities to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties that the Constitution and the laws of the United States guarantee everyone in this country. "Racial Profiling and Why it Hurts Minorities." All four were members of the New York City Police Department's Street Crimes Unit, which, under the slogan, "We Own the Night," used aggressive "stop and frisk" tactics against African Americans at a rate double that group's population percentage. Only 2 percent were carrying drugs. Racial Profiling Flashcards | Quizlet According to Jim, the reason why there is racial profiling is that a lot of black people and Hispanics are involved in crime than white people. You push the snooze button once again and finally open your eyes. Supporters of racial profiling argue that this practice is necessary because it cuts down on crime. Words: 1276 Pages: 4 6584. Racial profiling does not refer to the act of a law enforcement agent pursuing a suspect in which the specific description of the suspect includes race or ethnicity in combination with other identifying factors. It is a type of academic writing where the author develops an opinion relying on secondary resources. If you've ever been pulled over by police for no reason, followed around in stores or repeatedly pulled aside by airport security for random searches, you've likely experienced racial profiling. The truth is, according to professor Kelley, that the racial homicide and violence committed in these areas is caused by the police and not the black community living in the areas. Evidence in the case showed that drivers of color were stopped for traffic violations on the New Jersey Turnpike at a much greater rate than white people. Our specialists will write a custom essay on any topic for $13.00 $10.40/page. Like all law enforcement, INS agents must have sufficient evidence of wrong doing to establish probable cause or reasonable suspicion to arrest or detain. In July 2002, the ACLU filed suit in federal court. For example, one study found a link between chronic stress from frequent racist encounters and chronic low-grade inflammation. The main example is the White drivers who were stopped at a significantly lower rate, as well as the members of the Asian population of the county. While New York City authorities say that the stop-and-frisk strategy lowers crime, groups such as the New York Civil Liberties Union say that the data dont bear this out. Another difficulty in proving racial profiling lies in local police departments patrolling high-crime areas, which often have a high percentage of minorities. An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice. The Supreme Court has held that INS agents working near the Mexican border may use Spanish ethnicity as a basis for detaining a person, but that it may not be the only basis. 54 examples: Patrick also worked on issues including racial profiling, police misconduct Racial profiling is a longstanding and deeply troubling national problem despite claims that the United States has entered a post-racial era. It occurs every day, in cities and towns across the country, when law enforcement and private security target people of color for humiliating and often frightening detentions, interrogations, and searches without evidence of criminal activity and based on perceived race, ethnicity, national origin, or religion. South Dakota (Wagner)- While not involving the use of physical canine force, the issue reached a new low when school officials and police led a large German shepherd drug dog through classrooms in suspicionless drug searches of Yankton Sioux K-12 students, some as young as six years old. Police Brutality: What Is It, Why It Happens, Examples - Verywell Mind This definition found in some state racial profiling laws is unacceptable, because it fails to include when police act on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin or religion in combination with an alleged violation of all law. Criminal profiling, generally, as practiced by police, is the reliance on a group of characteristics they believe to be associated with crime. Youth of color have been victims of racially-motivated bicycling stops, " In April, 2001, the ACLU joined a suit against Eastpointe, Michigan , representing 21 young African-American men who were stopped by the police while riding their bikes there.
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