And, he says, when he mounted the car the sound of that shot was different from the earlier one. The view that the Zapruder film captured the shooting from beginning to end view was challenged by Max Holland, author of The Kennedy Assassination Tapes, and professional photographer Johann Rush in a joint editorial piece published by The New York Times on November 22, 2007. JFK is hit in the head before he reaches the car, or so it appears on that badly damaged film. And he mixed in the claims of the official story, as if they were his own observations. It is not clear from the film itself as to when the first and second shots occurred. 161 ). This lab was so secret that even its code name (Hawkeye Works) was at the time highly classified. This film is under most peoples radar. ZAPRUDER fILM - Who Killed JFK I believe this is so you would not recognize anything in another film that would match the Zapruder Film or come even close to matching the Zapruder Film. Milicent Cranor, a WhoWhatWhy senior editor with a background in forensic medical publishing, has studied the JFK assassination on and off for more than two decades. The Zapruder film, the only continuous chronological visual record of the assassination, is the best available photographic evidence of the number and timing of the shots that struck the occupants of the Presidential limousine. He didn't start filming again until he could see the president and the first lady coming toward him in the car. . The last shot seemed to hit his head and cause a noise at the point of impact which made him fall forward and to his left again. Excepta large percentage of those suspecting a conspiracy were swayed to do so after viewing the film, and the public viewing of the film led the public to call for a second investigation, which led to the HSCA. The natural inclination would be to step on the gas and accelerate as quickly as possible. Until a few years ago, the authenticity and reliability of the extant Zapruder film was accepted by almost all JFK assassination researchers, even the severest critics of the Warren Report, myself included. What I saw was more than you have there [in frame 313]. He also described a white spray. [7], The Zapruder film frames that were used by the Warren Commission were published in black and white as Commission Exhibit 885 in volume XVIII of the Hearings and Exhibits. How did they know that the first shot was fired at Frame 210 when frame 210 isn't in the film ?If the Zapruder film was altered, why for example, does it still show a headshot throwing JFK to the left and backward, indicating the shot came from the right front ? Dino Brugioni said he saw the original Zapruder film. all three of these films were altered, or. [35] Brugioni then stated the Zapruder film in the National Archives today, and available to the public, specifically frame 313, is an altered version of the film he saw and worked with on November 2324, the earlier of the two versions handled by the NPIC. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. [10][11], Brugioni said he was not aware of a second examination of the film at NPIC, the night of Sunday 24 November and the early morning of Monday 25 November, by a completely different team. Farther up the street, near the hairpin turn from Houston to Elm, Phillip Willis stood ready with color film in his camera. Either: a.) A far cry from his original observation of a large gaping wound in the right rear.. [34] Brugioni recalled seeing a "white cloud" of brain matter, three or four feet (91 or 122cm) above Kennedy's head, and said that this "spray" lasted for more than one frame of the film. I have 108+ witnesses who said that shooting occurred differently and mainly in the intersection of Elm and Houston and in front of the TSBD. After creating the required duplicate negatives from the desired frames, the film was returned the two members of the Secret Service, and that at approximately 3 AM they left the NPIC facility. One of the first-generation Secret Service copies was loaned to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in Washington, D.C., which made a second-generation copy. He tried a few places, walking all along the curb on Elm Street, but could not find solid footing there. It shows one that had already started. Whether it was filmed by Zapruder or is a completely different film I'll still refer to it in this thread as an unaltered Zapruder film or UZ for short. It would have been impossible to alter the film in such a way as to depict the movement of the head as being anything other than what it was. Zapruder Film Original - JFK Assassination - YouTube All of the films and photos are filmed from either the rear or the drivers side of the p. limo. When theWarren Commission issued its report on the assassination in 1964, it concluded that Oswald had shot the president from behind. No. And to orient yourself even more, check out the view in real time from the alleged snipers nest in the Texas Book Depository Building: Earthcam of Dealey Plaza. However, no wound or blood is seen on either President Kennedy or Governor Connally prior to frame 313. [27], Every frame of the Zapruder film has been put together into a panoramic movie. And when I say stopped, I mean very momentarily, like they hit the brakes and just a few seconds passed and then they floorboarded and accelerated past." Frequently Asked Questions | National Archives The Zapruder Film - JFK Assassination Debate - The Education Forum [4][5] In a 2015 interview on Opie with Jim Norton, Rather stated that the story was a myth.[6]. counts among the top reads on the JFKA & Vol.IV contains his work on Zapruder's film over the assassination weekend. I couldnt reconcile those differences. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. (From this version of the film.). In Harry's account, it was he who told Abe that the Secret Service would want to see the film, and he offered to get Dallas Secret Service chief Forrest Sorrels and bring him to Jennifer Juniors [the business which Abe owned]. Maybe someone blocked out the rear of JFK's head with black on some frames. J.W. The Zapruder film is a silent 8mm color motion picture sequence shot by Abraham Zapruder with a Bell & Howell home-movie camera, as United States President John F. Kennedy's motorcade passed through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963.It captured the assassination of the President.. As you will see, he associates that shot with the first time he grabbed the handgrip. What happened? The fact that Brugioni got the original points toward some error made in releasing the film to him prematurely. Simply the scene content of the inside of the p. limo. ( pg. Please go here to see an overhead view of Dealey Plaza. The camera had a governor control, so its speed was constant. Then someone behind them dropped a soda bottle, which made a loud crack and shattered on the concrete. "As it came in line with my camera, I heard a shot," Abe later recalled. Findings | National Archives Life brought the original to Washington in February for the Commission's viewing, and also made color 35mm slide enlargements from the relevant frames of the original film for the FBI. Each object that appears during the film has its starting position equal to where it appears first in its frames. It is difficult to understand why the [presidential limousine] came to a complete stop after the first shot. And some heard a shot for the first time when Kennedy was hit in the head, then they heard one or more shots afterward. Specifically, the version of the Zapruder Film Brugioni recalls seeing had more than one frame of the fatal head shot to Kennedy with its resulting "spray" of brain matter that he referred to as a "white cloud", three or four feet above Kennedy's head. But the Z-film record still stands. The Zapruder film gives a much closer view of the action, and of whatever may have landed on the trunk as a result of JFK's devastating wound which might suggest a shot from the front a possibility that would raise serious questions about the official narrative of the assassination, that JFK was shot from behind. The strange thing is, Altgens said he took that picture almost simultaneously with what he called the first shot. When questioned closely about the timing, Altgens swore that he heard no other shots or noises that could have been shots before this first one. And in real life, as demonstrated by the chart from the Military Armament Corporation, there are also manifold opportunities for fabrication and distortion. Under those circumstances, those responsible for the editing of the original Zapruder film ( CIA ) would have been forced to retain the headshot frames. He was interviewed by researchers Fred Newcomb and Perry Adams and told them, as reported in their unpublished 1974 manuscript Murder from Within, thathe observed the limousine stop for just a moment. Abraham Zapruder was known by everyone around him as someone who loved making these home movies and films. I just laid down over on the ground [urged by another witness to get down] and when that third shot rung out and when I was close to the ground you could tell the shot was coming from above and kind of behind. The model then calculated how the bullet would have acted when it entered President Kennedys skull if it came from behind. The "Other" Zapruder Film - JFK Assassination Debate - The Education Forum That's 0.66 seconds. This is representative of the frames on Houston Street. Music. Marie Muchmore filmed the motorcade from the same side as Nix, on the south side of Elm. On November 22, 1963, Abraham Zapruder shot what has become the most famous home movie of all time: a chilling 26-second snippet of film depicting the assassination of President John F. Kennedy . He and his team then made up two identical sets of briefing boards, one set for CIA Director John McCone and one for the Secret Service, but both were eventually delivered to the CIA Director who would in turn provide a set to the Secret Service. And that moment does not show on the Zapruder film. The underlined statements may be true. For an instant, the back of a freeway sign obscures the limousine, and then the Kennedys reappear. We KNOW the Muchmore film has an anomaly at Z312-313. Only one person filmed from start to finish the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, which occurred in a matter of seconds at 12:30 p.m. on Nov. 22, 1963 on Elm Street in Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas, TX. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Can you visually identify anyone in the p. limo? But I think the top 3 prime suspects involved in JFK's death being set up were Jack Ruby and his organized crime, The Zapruder Film Mystery, the CIA, and the United States Government. Geraldo Rivera of ABC's Good Night America changed a nation's perception of the JFK assassination when he showed the Zapruder film for the first time to a nationwide . He re-cranked the mechanism of the camera to "full wind" so that it would run for the maximum amount of time. This is why the images don't line up in the frame and why the edges of the frame don't line up when the images do. It demonstrates that a temporary cavity formed inside the presidents soft tissue as the momentum and kinetic energy of the bullet smashed into his skull, causing his head to snap forward. The Presidents reactions just after the projectile impact were physically consistent with a gunshot wound caused by a high-energy Carcano military rifle bullet fired from the vicinity of the Texas School Book Depository, Nalli writes. Books. Again, why Elsie Dorman? On the day of the assassination, he and some of his employees went to Dealey Plaza to get a glimpse of the presidential motorcade. The other day I was trying to make sense of some strange discrepancies in what a Secret Service agent said about what he saw when President John F. Kennedy was shot. Editing a stop out is easy. I sometimes wonder if the original film had images of JFK being hit from the front PRIOR to disappearing behind the Stemmons sign, and 'jumping up' as some witnesses described. Abraham Zapruder stood on a concrete pedestal along Elm Street in Dealey Plaza holding a Model 414 PD Bell & Howell Zoomatic Director Series Camera. This missing part of the film, the frames between Z 132 and Z 133, could contain frames for 21 seconds. The right rear portion of his head was missing. This week on "Sunday Morning" (April 30) - CBS News Foster was a Dallas policeman stationed on the railroad overpass at the corner of Elm, Main and Commerce Streets. JFK Zapruder Film: All Frames & High Quality - YouTube [21], On October 26, 1992, then-U.S. President George H. W. Bush signed into law the President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act (the "JFK Act"), which sought to preserve for historical and governmental purposes all records related to President Kennedy's assassination. Some years ago, the late JFK researcher/author Jim Marrs interviewed a man named William Reymond, a JFK author/researcher from France who claimed to have seen another version of the Zapruder film. What we now know but didnt know previously is that for at least half a day during the weekend following the assassination the film was at a top secret CIA photo lab at the Kodak facility in Rochester, NY, where it may have been altered in various ways. In a statement to the FBI made on Mar. The video was projected onto Lee Harvey Oswald's T-shirt in the 2004 revival of the Broadway musical, Assassins. ( Dealey Plaza Echo, Volume 2, Issue 1, pg. The version of the Zapruder film available to the public depicts the fatal head shot on only one frame of the film, frame 313. I recall that Vince Palarmara said something like 59 witnesses said the p. limo came to a stop. Besides it shows Houston Street and everybody, I mean everybody, knows the assassination happened on Elm Street down in front of the Grassy Knoll. ), Below is a still frame that seems to show Jackie much closer to Hill. Holland and Rush argue that the break in the Zapruder film might conceal a first shot earlier than analysts have hitherto assumed, and point out that in this case a horizontal traffic mast would temporarily have obstructed Oswald's view of his target. There have been many people who have claimed to have seen an unaltered complete filming of the assassination. Her work has appeared in outlets like The Washington Post, National Geographic, The Atlantic, TIME, Smithsonian and more. Whereas witness reports can be in error.. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Time Life Pictures/National Archives/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images, https://www.history.com/news/jfk-assassination-grassy-knoll-theory-debunked, What Physics Reveals About the JFK Assassination. Before: Z-368, Z-369, Z-370, Z-371, Z-372, Z-373, Z-374. Orville Nix stood across the lawn on the south side of Main Street, but we have no picture of him at the time. When we contemplate the possibility the Zapruder film was altered, we tend to think first of the type of alteration accomplished by replacing authentic frames with forged or composite frames. I think I described it in my statement as though someone was shooting a revolver into a hard object it seemed to have some type of an echo. In chapter 8 of his outstanding book Survivors Guilt: The Secret Service and the Failure to Protect President Kennedy (2013), Vince Palamera counted 59 witnesses who reported that the limo stopped or slowed down. She has also co-authored numerous peer-reviewed articles for medical journals. Twyman continues: "I called Mr. Coburn and he told me that his optical printers in those days could certainly capture all of the information on 8mm film, between the sprocket holes and even beyond the edges of the film if one wanted. Until a few years ago, the authenticity and reliability of the extant Zapruder film was accepted by almost all JFK assassination researchers, even the severest critics of the Warren Report, myself included. (Documented below.). As you will see from what follows, this is a crucial question. b.) [26], The film's relevant history is covered in a 2003 David R. Wrone book entitled The Zapruder Film: Reframing JFK's Assassination. JFK - The Zapruder Film - What REALLY HappenedAccording to the late Richard Della Rosa who saw the other Zapruder film twice this is what really happen. [28], The Orville Nix film had the same technology applied to it. Here, his granddaughter details exactly what happened on . When the work was complete, Dino Brugioni reviewed the briefing boards and notes with his superior, Arthur Lundahl, whom he had called and requested come to the facility. Taylor Swift Says She's OK After Fans Post Pics of Midshow Hand Injury What really happened - Moto-Related - Motocross Forums / Message Boards I suspect the Presidents bodily movements make more sense as a function of braking and acceleration (with removed frames inbetween). But it's difficult to believe that all of these witnesses could have simply been mistaken about what they observed. As I heard the first retort [sic], I looked back over my shoulder and saw what appeared to me to be a spray of water come out of the rear seat of the Presidents car.. There are 108+ witnesses who say something different happened than the favored conspiracy theories based on the Zapruder Film, or the Official Story about what happened during the assassination. The original Zapruder film is part of the Kennedy Collection and is in the custody of the Motion Picture Sound and Video staff, at the National Archives at College Park. But if the Nix film was missing frames, how could that be ? There was a risk, however: He would need to set the telephoto lens on full zoom in order to get a clear view of them, and he worried that he would get dizzy standing up on the ledge while following them through the lens as they passed by. Years later, in an interview she gave with my mother, Marilyn remembered, "When they started to make their first turn, turning into the street, he said, 'OK, here we go.' Here are a few examples: Emmett Hudson, Dealey Plaza groundskeeper: He associates the second shot he heard with the head wound. This is crudely done since I am not a film editor. Acoustic guitar. One has a film of the p. limo traveling down Elm Street. "And then I realized," Abe said. [20], Before the 1969 trial of Clay Shaw, a businessman from New Orleans, for conspiracy in connection with the assassination, a copy of the film made several generations from the original was subpoenaed from Time Inc. in 1967 by New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison for use at Shaw's grand jury hearing. The provenance of the Zapruder film was firmly established and the film was regarded as the single most reliable piece of assassination evidence.Today, however, things are different. "Some people were screaming," she said. Part of the motorcade route through Dallas. Amid the confusion were two people with unique vantage points: Abraham Zapruder and Jean Hill. One can choose to believe the top piece of evidence convincing people there was a conspiracy was actually faked to suggest no conspiracy, or that people's memories are often in error. It is apparent that by frame 225 the President is reacting to his throat wound. That would have required starting with the wound and ending up with no wound. Films and photographs are hardly an inviolable form of evidence, as is acknowledged in what many consider the bible on evidence, McCormick on Evidence, 3rd Ed., Edited by Edward W. Cleary, West Publishing Co., St. Paul, MN, 1984. As television station WFAA's equipment was incompatible with the format, Eastman Kodak's Dallas film processing facility developed the film and Jamieson Film Company produced three copies. [18], In 1966, assassination researcher Josiah Thompson, while working for Life, was brought in to examine a first-generation copy of the film and a set of color 35mm slides made from the original. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Ergo, a lone gunman with a single-shot bolt action rifle could not have accomplished both shots. Ive always had the objection that the film clearly shows the back and to the left movement. The testimonies of Brugioni, McMahon & Hunter along with the chain of custody of the camera original & its Dallas copies are to me the 'rosetta stone' of JFKA conspiracy. [note 2] As required by the US federal law for such a seizure under eminent domain, payment to Zapruder's heirs was attempted. The second one had almost a double sound as though you were standing against something metal and firing into it, and you hear both the sound of a gun going off and the sound of the cartridge hitting the metal place. OK, call that a short one second, between gunshots. The Nix film shows far less detail because it was taken at a distance. The Zapruder family originally refused to consent, but in 1978, the family transferred the film to the National Archives and Records Administration for appropriate preservation and safe-keeping, while still retaining ownership of the film and its copyright. I am pretty convinced the Z film has frames with the rear head-shot blacked out (before and after injury) and has had frames removed which coincidentally remove the brief stop. Foster testified before the Warren Commission but was never asked about what he told the FBI. Witnesses can make errors, earnest errors. Orville Nix was filming the motorcade from the plaza on the south side of Elm St., on the opposite side of the limo from Zapruder. That person was a 58-year old Dallas dress manufacturer, Abraham Zapruder, who died in 1970. Under those circumstances, those responsible for the editing of the original Zapruder film ( CIA ) would have been FORCED to retain the headshot frames. It is a difficult film to look at and doesnt really show that much. The last view of the passenger side of the p. limo was Jay Skaggs at the intersection of Houston and Main. There is another, more sinister explanation for the confusion and discrepancies when it comes to the number and location of shots. All Rights Reserved. After it was shown on National TV in 1975 Life magazine sold it back to the Zapruder family for $1.00. Member of Amnesty International. I can understand why the Z-film was sequestered. Mark Tyler on a thread here looked into the ear witness testimony and that points to two shots around the time of the headshot. Abraham Zapruder - Wikipedia To the west of Willis, about three seconds later, Associated Press photographer James W. Altgens also took a photo of the motorcade. Related front page panorama photo credit: Adapted by WhoWhatWhy from Dealey Plaza (Father of Nehrams2020 / Wikimedia CC BY-SA 3.0). In the Nix film, Jackie goes noticeably further out on the trunk. John Costella said the film was technically perfect except for small, technical changes in the film. For example, you couldn't have the head moving forward without running the frames in reverse. 'Altamont,' by Joel Selvin Frame 153 from the Zapruder film. [1] The November 29, 1963 issue of Life published about 30 frames of the Zapruder film in black and white. --Michael J. Briggs , former editor-in-chief University Press of Kansas, publisher of The Zapruder Film and Breach of Trust "An impressive and staggering piece of investigative journalism.
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