A. Salvation by faith alone. -industries owned by Tsar (4/5 revenue went to military/war) Agriculture Introduction With the exception of Holland, at least 80 percent of the people of all western European countries drew their livelihoods from agriculture In 1700 European agriculture was much more ancient and medieval In crisis years, when crops were ruined by drought or flood, starvation forced people to use substitutes . - "Council of Blood" tribunal set up to execute leaders Some of the most notable figures of this period include mathematician and philosopher Ren. 1. mercantile practices or spirit; commercialism 2. E. utilitarianism (Bentham) --> laws created for the common good and not for special interests. -- English Bill of Rights (1668-1689) --> it settled all of the major issues between the kings and History Notes - 12/5/05 * Section 30: "Western Europe After Utrecht (1713-1740)" * The Peace of Utrecht - Ended the War of the Spanish Succession - Ended Louis XIV ambitions for a Universal Monarchy * England and France - Major Powers now - Spain all but eliminated * Preserved the European State System * Phillip V - King of Spain - result of Treaty of Utrecht - Spain had been partitioned . Grows as Europe and New World becomes an integrated market -fortified cities forbidden in earlier movement w/ Richelieu -- Henry VIII of England's defiance of papal power. Peace of Utrecht. Recognizes protestants in HRE. ~fourth largest army by 1740 [44], While the final settlement at Utrecht was far more favourable to France than the Allied offer of 1709 had been, it gained little that had not already been achieved through diplomacy by February 1701. The British colonists referred to these conflicts as King William's War (1689-1697) and Queen Anne's War (1702-1713). -Treaty of Non-such: English soldiers+ Calvary to Netherlands, -Beheaded Mary Stuart for planning to overthrow from throne -> causes Pope Sixtus to no longer retrain public support and Spain attempts to invade England, II. treaties of Utrecht, also called Peace of Utrecht, (April 1713September 1714), a series of treaties between France and other European powers (April 11, 1713 to Sept. 7, 1714) and another series between Spain and other powers (July 13, 1713 to June 26, 1714), concluding the War of the Spanish Succession (170114). - more taxation View AP Euro Chapter 18 Notes.pdf from AP EURO 730 at Alan B. Shepard High School. Cuius regio, eius religio in the Holy Roman Empire. This economic growth led to an increase in wealth and a rise in the standard of living for many Dutch people. he tamed the Fr. ~ Vastly expanded Britain, After 30 years War: HRE declined into separate political units -> Austria+ Prussia were the more Dominant States back to North Africa and the Jews {Maranos} to Italy and the Middle East). -Russia -- ecological exchange and its effects on both the Americas and Europe and Africa. C. Book of Common Prayer (Edward VI) . Another important factor in the Dutch Golden Age was the country's political and economic system. Chapter Outline 4.17 TheGrand Monarque and the Balance of Power a. Some of the most notable figures of this period include mathematician and philosopher Ren Descartes and scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. locally, most of the times organically, and planted depending on the season. -> approves needs money but ignores limitations doesn't call for 11 Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. These became increasingly important after a series of deaths between 1712 and 1714 left the five year old Louis XV as his great-grandfather's heir. G. African slave trade established (Triangle Trade). [34], Spain retained the majority of its Empire and recovered remarkably quickly; the recapture of Naples and Sicily in 1718 was only prevented by British naval power and a second attempt was successful in 1734. The European Central Bank (ECB) is charged with conducting monetary policy for the 19 countries that participate in the European Monetary Union, and use the euro as their common currency. Thus, the Dutch Republic was really more of an oligarchy, with power concentrated in the hands of wealthy merchants. [39], The Dutch Republic ended the war effectively bankrupt, while the damage suffered by the Dutch merchant navy permanently affected their commercial and political strength and it was superseded by Britain as the pre-eminent European mercantile power. stadholder. Renaissance to Peace of Westphalia TRENDS WOMEN (quenelle des femmes) - Christine de Pizan (1364- 1430) prolific writer, 1st to earn living, refute "masculine myths" about women europe's first feminist - humanism real advance for aristocratic women humanistic education small number of women- still excluded from guilds and denied basic civl rights -April 1640: Charles forced to call Parliament (needs $ fight Scots) answer choices Treaty of Nystad Treaty of Utrecht Treaty of Versailles Peace of Paris Question 2 30 seconds Q. C. Louis XIV (1643-1715) Nations prosperity linked to amount of gold/ silver collected The concept of balance of power replaced religion as the center of military and diplomatic objectives. -Ferdinand III centralizes German speaking provinces (Austria, Styria, Tyrol) The Peace of Utrecht | Western Civilization D. Each person must deal with God directly -- each person is his/her own priest. Treaty of Rastatt - Wikipedia -Believes in Divine Right to rule (Responsible to God, not Parliament) -replaced w/ Board of Administrators to run agencies (justice, war) in absence In return he renounced his claims upon the Spanish throne. -- costly, inefficient methods of tax collecting (nobility not taxed) -adopts western dress, manners, style it first had to exercise effective control over territory, declare congo free state under leopold 2 control, estb rules governing race for african colonies, 1919 refused to allow either defeated germany of communist russia to participate in peace confernce negotations, forced germany to sign war-guilt clause that was used to justify imposing large war reparations, change map of europe, create league of nations, germany bitter, 1918 ended bolshevik russia participation in ww1, negotiated by vladmir lenin unwilling to risk bolshevik gains by continuing winless war, nullifed after germanys defeat, 1925 recorded agreement between france and germany to respect mutual frontiers, marked beginning of brief period of reduces tensions among european powers, 1938 created a nonaggression agreement between stalin and hitler stay neutral if one in war, east europe into german and societ zones, 1949 establish north atlantic treaty organization (NATO),implement harry trumans policy of containing soviet union, 1957 created european economic community, generally known as common market, beginning of european economic integration, 1975, ratified european territorial boundries post ww2, establish watch committees to monitor human rights in 35 nations that signed Helsinki accords, high point of cold war, create EU, central bank for european union, AP European History Important Events and Terms, Magruder's American Government, California Edition. War between French, Swedish, Spanish soldiers who loot Germany -- vigorous foreign policy ( see 5-page sheets on Commercial & Dynastic Wars **) The treaties between several European states, including Spain, Great Britain, France, Portugal, Savoy and the Dutch Republic, helped end the war. -Resources were depleted, and fear of the Inquisition had dwindled -Tried to get approval, but agreements unbinding, -Takes control and visits West (1697-1698) The war was very expensive and bloody and finally stalemated. -- reformed many of the previous abuses in the Church. PAX for peace mrt. II. Chapter 14 AGE OF EXPANSION Gustavus Adolphus (1594-1632) - Duke of Alva (1508-1582 - Armada (1588) - Vasco de Balboa-Christopher Columbus- Concordat of Bologna (1516 - -Prevent Marriage to Compromise Religion between Henry of Navarre wed to Catholic Sister of Reigning King, Catholics led by Guise: government. V. Lutheranism: Also known as the League of Augsburg, an anti- French European coalition formed to check the power of France. England and France experienced very different political and social developments in the late 17c. -- stock exchange --> Bourse at Antwerp. Bohemian Throne to Hapsburg Ferdinand -> restore faith to Hapsburg lands Basic and lasting changes in education and the image and role of women. III. ~ Peace of Utrecht-Confirms Philip V King of Spain, but crowns to never unite - Spanish Netherlands, Milan, Naples given to Austria . [37], Attempts to ensure its succession involved Austria in wars of little strategic value; much of the fighting in the 17331735 War of the Polish Succession taking place in its maritime provinces in Italy. this new-found wealth. AP Euro Review Timeline Centuries - Major Events. First edition of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and Spain in Spanish (left) and a later edition in Latin and English. -- the Inquisition was resurrected (esp. -Desired Spain to be a major power (economy dependent on imports of gold, silver+ goods) -> set off inflation -1559 Act of Supremacy repealed Mary I's works -- Hohenzolern interests --> East Prussia, Polish West Prussia, Alsace-Lorraine, Baltic coast, Poland. * Late 1600s Kings had less opposition to centralization, The Hohenzollern's were hereditary rulers of Brandenburg and Prussia -- insurance companies --> Lloyd's of London (maritime -- ship catalogs/classifications). ~ Peace of Prague (1635): German Protestant states led by Saxony compromised w/ Ferdinand. -- much financial abuse in Church --> simony, benefices; 30% of land in Eur. Austria had traditionally relied on naval support from the Dutch, whose own capability had been severely degraded; Britain prevented the loss of Sicily and Naples in 1718 but refused to do so again in 1734. [23], The successful French Rhineland campaign of 1713 finally induced Charles to sign the 1714 treaties of Rastatt and Baden, although terms were not agreed with Spain until the 1720 Treaty of The Hague. Established Prussia as a major military power / counter-balance to the Austrian Empire in Central Europe Initiated a long period of peace in central Europe (drained of resources) Partitioning of Poland Autonomous power of the Polish nobility remained intact and the Polish Diet proved to be an ineffective lawmaking body sovereignty. Ap Euro Midterm. AP European History Timeline | Preceden
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