Chinese Communist Party Funds Washington Think Tanks Although news accounts describe Ren as reclusive, West writes, he found Ren charming, articulate, and funny. (Huawei didnt respond to multiple requests for comment.). In 2009, the 973 Program supported 123 new scientific programs and 424 ongoing projects. U.S. export controls on chip design software and foundry machine tools have also crippled Huaweis HiSilicon, effectively curbing its only potential rival to U.S. advanced chips. Implementation of the U.S.-China Joint Glasgow Declaration on Enhancing Climate Action in the 2020s, issued at the Glasgow Conference of the Parties in November 2021, focuses on the degree to which the United States and China will cooperate on climate issues. The era of U.S.-China cooperation is drawing to a closeWhat comes next? Yet, there are investments, trade relationships, and markets that countries on the receiving end of Chinas infrastructure investments seek from the United States that are qualitatively different from what China offers. Chinas recent advancements in AI and related technology have raised concerns in Washington and elsewhere. What the report failed to mention is that the controversial Chinese telecommunications giant Huawei provided the technology for both cities, or that Huawei is one of the worlds leading sellers of Safe City equipment, which the company describes as cutting-edge security to improve policing and oversight. This, combined with its extensive set of development, infrastructure, technology and energy investments and loansnot just in the developing world, but in emerging markets in Latin America and the smaller economies of Europe is giving China a major platform for leverage and influence within globalization itself, and on global issues. The private firms Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent have managed to compete globally with multinational corporations in new and emerging high-tech fields by balancing state backing with private sector innovation and resources. China's investments in smart cities have yielded a major windfall. To what extent do China, the United States, or the region see the regions relationships with China and the U.S. as zero-sum both in terms of economic and security relationships? Rather than copying capitalist systems like that of the United States, the Chinese government has sought to create a system that, through various formal and informal channels, promotes connectivity between state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and nominally private Chinese enterprises. From a U.S. policy perspective, a more holistic understanding of Chinas innovation strategybeyond a myopic focus on technology transferwill be key to effectively competing with China in emerging and foundational technologies. Now, Chinese smart cities make use of an integrated system of physical, information, social, and commercial infrastructure to allow a given city to monitor its citizens and report back through a vast connected network. Tomorrows tech policy conversations today. Global China - Brookings Successful and efficacious policy will come about only if we avoid mirror imaging and assess China within the confines of its own capabilities and limitations. By focusing on where all groups are thriving, we can see where cooperation and democratic decisionmaking are most likely to be a reality and work toward high levels of well-being for everyone . In a 2014 report on CI partnerships, the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) argued that allowing third-party control of academic matters compromises academic freedom and institutional autonomy. It was initially seen as a Democrat think-tank, but it has progressively moved to the right -- while simultaneously being more ecumenical in its choice of scholars. An influential 2017 study of 12 CIs by the National Association of Scholars identified a range of concerns including transparency, contractual language, academic freedom and pressure to self-censor. According to the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), these programs led to the creation of the worlds first light quantum telephone network and advances in low-cost solar batteries. By developing state-of-the-art capabilities in AI, China seeks to achieve strategic advantage over the U.S. and its allies. CNAS recommended "higher degrees of transparency" to help "ensure that this funding is not generating hidden forms of foreign lobbying . The concentration of focus will be on global bodies and frameworks with either a treaty foundation or high prestige thus, the G-20; UN Security Council; IMF; WTO and those which play a key role in the regulation of globalization (e.g. China - Brookings Institution Europe's Emerging Approach to China's Belt and Road Initiative Are there lessons from the history of U.S.-China relations that could inform Americas approach toward China going forward? Can the U.S. and China work together to make progress on new uses of technology to fight these challenges. Universities should, of course, continue to be vigilant against the potential for unwelcome influence including implicit pressure on faculty to self-censor, as well as to ensure compliance with the Department of Educations foreign gift and other reporting requirements, and visa rules for CI exchange visitors. China now touches virtually every region in the world how is Chinas increasing involvement impacting South Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, and elsewhere? Beijings re-innovation strategy is key element of U.S.-China competition, effectively curbing its only potential rival. What role has the U.S. relationship with the region in turn played in affecting Chinas influence and strategy? On the other hand, Chinas relationship with Russia provides an opportunity for both of those countries to work together to counter and undermine the long-standing U.S.-led international order. Brookings Institution Puts President on Leave Amid Lobbying Inquiry. Elsewhere, CIs continued to open in Chile, South Africa, Kenya and Greece, with plans to establish them in Dominica, Maldives, Chad and Central Africa. The subsequent closure of CIs at two universities attracted congressional scrutiny and prompted a series of dueling reports. The CIUS, no longer directly funded by Chinas MOE, is well positioned to serve as both a visa agent to help ensure appropriate visas are obtained and a clearinghouse for information on Chinese teachers and administrators working in CIs. Yi Gang, then deputy governor of the People's Bank of China, speaks at a 2016 event held by the Brookings Institution in Washington about China and the world economy. The global CI program was initially launched under Chinas Ministry of Education (MOE) in 2004, and more recently has been advanced as part of the PRCs national strategy of Chinese culture going global. It consists of campus-based language and culture partnerships formerly funded in part and supported by the MOE. The alleged details of that journey, which leaked out via a federal search warrant application that was inadvertently made public last week, have cost Allen his $1-million-a-year job, upended. According to the 2020 Global Innovation Index, China is now the 14th most innovative country in the world, a major improvement on its 43rd ranking just 10 years ago. What are the interests and national security strategies of key regional players which include but go beyond the usual like-minded group: Japan, South Korea, India, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Philippines? Rush Doshi - Yale Law School Will Chinas economic slowdown reduce its financing for development elsewhere and otherwise limit development opportunities for its partners? What are the kinds of improved deterrent strategies and warfighting strategies for the United States and allies that would mitigate these risksto include different U.S. defense postures in the region, improved innovation and modernization strategies for the American armed forces, and a better-developed concept of integrated deterrence as that incipient concept is now being discussed at the Pentagon and beyond? The Biden administration should lift, or provide necessary waivers of, federal funding restrictions on universities that demonstrate appropriate academic freedom and institutional safeguards around their CIs, which are no longer directly funded by the Chinese government. Nonetheless, Brookings has a conflict of interest problem with Huawei the worlds second-largest smartphone maker, behind Samsung and ahead of Apple, and a company long seen as a threat to the United States. Yet the U.S. is facing a critical shortage of Mandarin-speaking China experts. What are the set of core U.S. national interests that should result in strategic and well-resourced Indo-Pacific initiatives? In the past, many analysts have been skeptical of the potential for deep cooperation between two countries that have had difficult relations historically. On Think Tanks | Brookings institution Looking to the longer term, there is a need for more development finance to support infrastructure and other public services. About the Tax Policy Center | Tax Policy Center A Look at the CHIPS-Related Portions of CHIPS+ - Center for Strategic What is at stake in a U.S.-China war, including what are the implications if China successfully annexes Taiwan? Indeed, whether by theft or forced transfer, the acquisition of foreign intellectual property has served as a key component of Chinas technological forward march. But China is not just a growing military power; its also increasingly intent on wielding a combination of diplomatic and economic tools to challenge or reshape the terms and conditions of global order and global governance. Drug Trafficking & Counter-Narcotics Policy, Fentanyl: A triangle of sadness (US, Mexico, and China), Assessing Chinas Influence in South Asia. On March 5, the U.S. Senate voted to deny Department of Education funding to universities that host Confucius Institutes (CIs)the controversial Chinese language and culture centers partially financed by the Peoples Republic of China (PRC)unless they meet oversight requirements. Can the U.S. and China work together integrating renewable energy and electrifying end uses of energy? These public-private investment funds aim to produce financial returns while furthering the Party-states industrial policy goals, many of which relate to emerging technologies and high-tech competition, according to a study by Ngor Luong, Zachary Arnold, and Ben Murphy. Highlight the major dimensions of Chinese influence within key global (and powerful regional) frameworks and institutions, and their strategies for achieving it; and parse the distinction between those areas where increased Chinese influence is injurious to U.S. interests and Western values, those where it is not consequential, and those where it is constructive; Examine Chinas strategies in those global fora that are seeking to develop frameworks for the global governance of under-regulated domains, especially technology (in conversation with the working group on tech) and space; Propose U.S. and Western strategies for response. For China, Taiwan is a matter of national unity and righting historical wrongs. Emily Weinstein is a research analyst with the Center for Security and Emerging Technology at Georgetown University. Huaweis website posted a story entitled Brookings Institution releases report ranking global cities on public safety innovation at Huawei Asia Pacific Innovation Day 2017, featuring a photo of West speaking. The Hamilton Project Marshall Sahlins, an early and eloquent CI critic who was instrumental in closing the University of Chicago CI in 2014, observed ironically in mid-2018 that the American government now mimics the totalitarian regime of the PRC by dictating what can and cannot be taught in our own educational institutions.. . It is modernizing its forces with a range of advanced technologies while preparing a nuclear weapons buildup that could make it a near-peer of the United States by the nuclear metric within a decade or so. Isaac Stone Fish: Yes, the U.S. is in bad shape. Regardless of the skepticism that it could do so, China has demonstrated its capacity to innovate and compete technologically on a global scale. Broadly, can the U.S. and China find a way to cooperate on energy and climate issues amidst their strained relationship? What are the most effective strategies for advancing these must have priorities with China? In its response to the department, CIUS explained that, although it seeks to foster awareness of CI programs, it does not fund, supply, staff, supervise or serve as a headquarters for CIs in the U.S. As a registered nonprofit corporation, its financials and related organizational details are publicly available through annual IRS Form 990s. How can the United States deepen its bench of AI talent, from top-tier researchers that push forward the state-of-the-art in both AI algorithms and hardware to engineers and developers that can deploy AI at scale? China is running out of productive places to invest in infrastructure, and rising debt levels will further complicate its growth path. Brookings Institution -- The Progressive Jukebox Funded By U.S - Forbes Ryan Hass, Emilie Kimball, and Bill Finan, Global China is contesting the US-led order, Rush Doshi, Lindsey W. Ford, and Ryan Hass, The global competition to govern digital trade, Global Chinas energy and climate policies, Jeffrey Ball, Lindsey W. Ford, and Samantha Gross, Lindsey W. Ford, Bruce Riedel, and Natan Sachs, Global Chinas ambitions in the Indian Ocean region, Lindsey W. Ford, Zach Vertin, and Joshua T. White, Technology competition between the US and a Global China, Lindsey W. Ford, Chris Meserole, and Tom Stefanick, 5G Deployment and Digital Competition with China, Margaret Taylor, Tom Wheeler, and Nicol Turner Lee, Global Chinas advanced technology ambitions, Lindsey W. Ford, Saif M. Khan, and Remco Zwetsloot, Global Chinas ambitions across East Asia, Lindsey W. Ford, Richard C. Bush, Jonathan Stromseth, and Lynn Kuok, Global Chinas plan for overseas military bases, Lindsey W. Ford, Mara Karlin, and Leah Dreyfuss, Deterring military conflict with a global China, Lindsey W. Ford, Michael E. OHanlon, and Caitlin Talmadge, Chinese domestic politics in the rise of global China. About Us - Brookings Beijing has gone a step further in building smart cities by incorporating surveillance and population monitoring technologies into the broader smart city ecosystem. Taiwan funding of think tanks: Omnipresent and rarely disclosed Chinese universities that participate in CIEF and serve as CI partners are mostly state-funded and, like everything in China, under CCP leadership. employees 565 2021 He was China Director at the National Security Council from 2013 to 2017 and served in the U.S. embassy in . How can democratic governments engage strategically in AI standards setting processes without turning them into a locus of geopolitical competition? How does current U.S. policy respond to Chinese influence and strategy in the region? But China shows what real authoritarianism looks like. With U.S.-China bilateral technology investment seeing a steep 96 percent decline since 2016, Beijing has been forced to look for new ways to source key technologies, turning to shell companies and intermediary agents to source foreign components, reagents, and other relevant equipment. These findings will help shape discourse on the tools available to the United States and its partners to address Chinese behaviors of concern. Local news, weather, sports, events, restaurants and more, Huaweis surprising ties to the Brookings Institution, Sign up for a weekly roundup of thought-provoking ideas and debates, Commanders draft class fills several needs, features plenty of value, From World Series hero to MLBs worst, Patrick Corbin keeps taking the ball, Commanders draft Illinois DB Quan Martin, Arkansas C Ricky Stromberg. In essence, Chinese technological innovation is a system of re-innovation, or zaichuangxin; it does not mirror other global paradigms. CNAS's 2020 report that advocated for a U.S.-Taiwan trade agreement warned of think tanks receiving "substantial funding from Beijing that is often targeted at shaping views and discourse on China.". Is China interfering in American politics? In turn, Brookings Institute staff like Richard C. Bush (a former member of the National Intelligence Council and a U.S. national intelligence officer for East Asia) vociferously champion the . There also is deep interdependence between the United States and China across a range of issues. According to a 2020 report from SOS International, IBM initially helped to advance the smart city concept in China. The key will be developing working level relationships between officials in both countries and building trust, an attribute largely missing from todays U.S. China relationship. Reports - Brookings Multiple investigations into U.S.-based CIs, including by the Senate, have produced no evidence that they facilitate espionage, technology theft or any other illegal activity, no evidence that federal funds are used for their support, and only a handful of objectionable U.S. incidents. The investment size is US$180 million. Through its Belt and Road Initiative, China has established influence across the following three regions: South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. But so has a decline of American student interest in China studies and learning Mandarin Chinese. The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit organization devoted to independent, in-depth research that leads to pragmatic and innovative ideas on how to solve problems facing society.. In other words, what must the United States achieve and avoid with China? The United States cannot (and does not want to) compete dollar for dollar in countries where the Belt and Road Initiative is making large investments in infrastructure. These closings and the attendant inflammatory rhetoric exacerbate a national foreign language deficit at a time when training Mandarin speakers familiar with an ever more consequential China should be a national priority. As a result of the COVID pandemic and recession, debt burdens that had seemed prudent in many cases are now unsustainable. The Brookings Institution, a prominent Washington, D.C., think tank, partnered with a Shanghai policy center that the FBI has described as a front for China's intelligence and spy recruitment operations, according to public records and federal court documents. As a centralized visa sponsor, CIUS could help ensure compliance with U.S. law and serve as an information clearinghouse on Chinese CI personnel in the U.S., one of the benefits the department had hoped to obtain from the CIUS foreign mission designation. A better path forward involves developing an understanding of how the Chinese government draws on free market principles to advance its goals without surrendering control of the private sector, and identifying areas where such policies make it more vulnerable rather than more resilient. What are the options for strategic arms control that could help cap Chinas expected nuclear buildup? Aside from financial instability arising in the two big economies, there are various external shocks that buffet countries or regions. Although recent estimates suggest that China is still behind the United States in terms of quality of its universities, Chinas significant progress over the last two decades should not be discounted. World Bank, ITU, WHO, WIPO). The study further called for congressional inquiries to evaluate CI national security risks through spying or collecting sensitive information and their role in monitoring and harassing Chinese, although it documented no such incidents. It is hard to design policies to counter something you dont understand. This working group will first seek to define Chinas role in these three regions and highlight the factors that determine its influence. What to Think about Think Tanks? : NPR Public Editor : NPR estimated 51 CIs, 44 of them campus-based, admitted role as a soft power instrument, The deception and detriment of US-China cultural and educational decoupling. What initially began as a strategy to import and copy the technology and innovations of other nations has changed to reflect Chinas growing ability to take foreign ideas and concepts and mold them with respect to Chinas domestic requirements. To meet this challenge, the U.S. government should increase funding for Mandarin language and China studies courses, but also stop forcing cash-strapped universities to choose between federal funding and properly managed CI programs. Founded by Professor Paul Gewirtz in 1999 as the China Law Center, the Paul Tsai China Center is the primary home for activities related to China at Yale Law School. The management scholar Nir Kshetri attributes this success to a handful of factors, including a high degree of technological savvy among Chinese consumers, a fintech-friendly regulatory environment, and Chinas improving science and technology prowess. Brookings Institution Partnered With Shanghai Policy Center Under Beijings move to establish a comprehensive technology transfer system is founded on the assumption that these strategic technologies will make their way to China in order to be re-innovated, not just copied. China's smart cities market is estimated to be worth more than $1 trillion, and three Chinese entities dominate smart city. It should also consider authorizing the Confucius Institute U.S. Center (CIUS) to serve as a visa sponsor to assist Chinese teachers and staff of CIs obtain the proper visas, as well as enable CIUS to serve as a clearinghouse for information on such PRC personnel for relevant U.S. government agencies. Germanys China dilemma takes on a new urgency, Chinas shrinking population and constraints on its future power, April 2023 update to TIGER: A perilous moment rife with risks, USMCA Forward 2023 Chapter 2: Imports from Asia, Power play: How the US benefits if China greens the Global South, The United States, China, and the new non-aligned countries, China and India: The future of the global consumer market. Where if at all does the United States derive benefit from its interdependence with China, and where is it vulnerable from its interdependence with China? A federal campaign against their alleged malign influence, pressure from politicians and Department of Defense funding restrictions have prompted and accelerated closure of more than half the CIs in the United States. Reducing methane emissions can provide outsized near-term benefits in reducing warming, a crucial benefit in a transition that is bound to take time. It's time for a new policy on Confucius institutes - Brookings At stake are core democratic values that underpin free and open societies. Brookings Institution - Media Bias/Fact Check Given the allegations surrounding CIs, which continue to be pressed by bipartisan Congressional coalitions, CI host universities should all publish their CI agreements online. CI partnerships also became embroiled in a Department of Education (DOE) initiative to enforce a foreign gift reporting requirement. Assets and funding. Enjoying broad bipartisan support, the CHIPS provisions of the legislation stipulate $52 billion toward renewing the heavily outsourced U.S. semiconductor manufacturing sector and bolstering U.S. chip research and development activities. As my colleague at the Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET) Anna Puglisi has written, discussions surrounding China as a strategic competitor have been shaped by the notion that only democracy can promote innovation and creativity, that a market economy provides the only route to success, and that innovation derives from the private sector. How have China and Russia developed their deep partnership, and what are the main areas in which the two countries cooperate? The National Academies is holding a kickoff meetingon Friday for a study committee that will review the effectiveness of U.S. mechanisms for recruiting and retaining international and domestic scientists in comparison to ones operated by competing nations, particularly China and Russia. Even critics concede the CI program has provided valuable learning experiences otherwise unavailable due to budget constraints and the lack of Mandarin teachers at universities and public schools across the nation. How state and local leaders can harness new infrastructure funding to build a stronger, more . Deterring a cross-Strait conflict: Beijings assessment of evolving US strategy. What are other worthy goals that merit policy focus, but that fall below must have priorities with respect to China? The most profound change in the Indo-Pacific, undoubtedly, is the emergence of a peer competitor for the United States: China. A 2019 report from Chinas National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) even attempts to differentiate Chinese smart cities from foreign ones; the latter focus on the management of things, while the Chinese version focuses on people. MOE replaced Hanban with a new agency to manage overseas language and culture exchanges, the Center for Language Education and Cooperation (CLEC). What can the U.S. and its democratic partners do to ensure that the next generation of AI technologies have democratic values such as privacy, transparency, and verifiability baked in by design? US urges think tanks to disclose foreign funding - Nikkei Asia Rush Doshi is the Brookings-Yale Fellow (on leave) at the Brookings Institution and Yale Law School's Paul Tsai China Center. His connection with Huawei goes back at least to 2012, when he spoke about broadband development at a Huawei conference in Barcelona, according to Huaweis website. Budget cuts impacting universities ability to finance their share of operating costs, coronavirus obstacles and low Mandarin class enrollment, compounded by federal government funding restrictions, may mean the end of CIs after a 15-year, generally controversy-free record in the United States.
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