1839, in English. 115. exoticism noun [ U ] uk / zt..s.z m / us / z.t.s.z m / the quality of being unusual and exciting because of coming (or seeming to come) from far away, especially a tropical country the exoticism of the East Want to learn more? Get ready with Test&Train, the online practice tool from Cambridge.Build your confidence with hundreds of exam questions with hints, tips and instant feedback. Segalen, 2002: 61). 93-128. The widowed Mr Chu prepares elaborate banquets for his three daughters in Eat Drink Man Woman. Segalen, Victor (2002). Lutz Bassmann went first and kept his mouth shut the whole time. (PDF) Language ideology and the presence of calques in Romanian The word exotic was first introduced into the English language in 1599, meaning alien, introduced from abroad, not indigenous. Cultural translation denotes the transformative dynamic that is forged by the interaction of different cultures. I think it depends on the context and situation. As I have demonstrated elsewhere (Berghahn, 2017), contemporary world cinema offers numerous examples of how exoticism is harnessed to new ethico-political agendas and a diverse range of humanitarian and ecological issues that have nothing in common with exoticisms tainted colonial legacy. Once associated with the exotic "Eastern" themes and styles of Eugene Delacroix's, James McNeill Whistler's, and John Singer Sargent's, Fantasy Young, Deborah (2015). For instance, if I were translating the classic VW advertising text from the early 1990s, I might leave the German term for the joy of driving in German: Fahrvergngen. Similarly, exoticism, though a prevalent interpretative model in the transnational reception of world cinema, competes with other ones, such as those which, indebted to Fredric Jamesons influential but controversial essay Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism (1986), conceive of world cinema in terms of national (or political) allegory. Methodologically, this essay combines a close reading of the idealized representations of things in domestic spaces we encounter in paintings with an analysis of the materiality, design and historical trajectories of the things themselves. 321 0 obj Typographic Calque This occurs when typographical conventions that exist only in the source language are transferred to the new language. The translations of exoticism from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word exoticism in English. The fact that nineteenth-century photographs of indigenous people wearing the clothes of their colonial masters now strike us as more exotic than early photographs of nonwesternized, indigenous communities reminds us that exotic fantasies entail a contrast of, and hierarchy between, two different cultures, controlled by the Western point of view. 1. He was following in the footsteps of the painter Paul Gauguin, whose colourful paintings of semi-nude Polynesian women against the backdrop of lush tropical scenery have shaped the Western imagination of the Polynesian islands. Primitive Passions: Visuality, Sexuality, Ethnography, and Contemporary Chinese Cinema. Whereas the agency implied in the act of seeing is a form of power, being looked at is disempowering (a point also made by Laura Mulvey (1975) in her seminal essay on visual pleasure and the gendered scopic regimes of classical Hollywood cinema). <> Tannese children and the star-crossed lovers frolicking amid ferns and fronds and a native heralding a call to all villagers on conch shell are further references to what can be regarded as the cinematic Urtext of the South Sea genre (cf. In these films, the preparation and consumption of food functions as a signifier of alterity. 48 0 obj Loosely plotted around one of Disneylands hoariest theme-park rides (which, even after recent updates, still teems with faux savagery and denatured, Her affinity for combining chinoiserie, Moghul-style flowers, and Provenal accents surfaces subtly, giving the rooms a whiff of, Bhutan has often been ranked as one of the worlds happiest countries, and WeCroak seems to be trading on a casual, Puertas assemblages, with their fake tropical greenery, faux fur, lace, rhinestones and sexualized forms, represent the, There's no trace of her Asian background or even the, For decades, Bollywood movies, at least when they were released here, had an undeniable, The earliest pictures here, dating from the 19th century and taken of Indigenous North Americans by non-Native photographers, emphasize. 'pa pdd chac-sb tc-bd bw hbr-20 hbss lpt-25' : 'hdn'">. And secondly, because the idea of an original, authentic, or pure Other culture, uncontaminated by Western and other influences is an essentialist fallacy, especially in a world of global interconnectedness and hybridisation, in which the very notion of cultural purity has become a fantasy. Much of contemporary world cinema is, in addition, also transnational in terms of its modes of global cultural production and funding. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Revisiting Exoticism: From Colonialism to Postcolonialism. It also applies to the various mechanisms of transnational film funding and co-production, circulation and distribution, since the selection procedures involved tend to privilege a particular type of global art cinema that promises to appeal to (metropolitan) cinephiles (cf. 1 [1. Exoticism in translation refers to using words or phrases which sound exotic in the translated language, because they are of foreign origin. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. The demand of the nineteenth century for information about non-European peoples gave rise to numerous cheap reproductions of ethnographic drawings. London and New York: Routledge. Painting Blindness and Obscuring Vision: Rembrandt and the Senses. EXOTICISM | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary This essay is based on the notion that the early modern world was shaped by connections that stretched across geographical, political and cultural boundaries. . https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/21/the-assassin-review-captivatingly-hypnotic-if-impenetrable-wuxia-tale. London: Arnold, pp. Her transnational appeal rests primarily on her ability to signify Chineseness, femininity and mystery outside her own culture. Nagib, Lcia (2011). This is, however, not to say that all exotic films substitute glossy surfaces for deep meaning, thereby effectively compensating for the hermeneutic deficit that may arise when world cinema travels. Chinese Cinemas (18961996) and Transnational Film Studies. 1978. The Location of Culture. exoticism in Traditional Chinese - Cambridge Dictionary To be sure, in addition to their visual allure, the exoticism of Raise the Red Lantern and several other of Zhangs films also rests on established narrative tropes, notably that of the exotic-erotic-enigmatic Asian woman, frequently represented as a concubine, geisha, prostitute or simply the suffering wife of a much older oppressive husband. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. 202-233. This article aims to make a contribution to this urgent critical endeavour, not by mapping the various critical debates that surround the concept of world cinema, but, instead, by exploring the role exoticism plays in the transnational reception of world cinema. In the meantime, the domestic audience dismisses the same films as misrepresentations and mystifications of China.. Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Benedict, Ruth This is why I also think that Google Translate is not a perfect solution for translation at a professional level. Although the dynamics of globalisation have profoundly changed the configurations of Self and Other and challenged the Western ethnographers authority to interpret the signifying systems of supposedly subordinate societies, according to Rey Chow (1995: 177), we still cannot write/think/talk the non-West in the academy without in some sense anthropologizing it. This explains why non-Western filmmakers are often expected to act as native informants and interpreters whose role it is to provide authentic accounts of their cultures of origin. Lu, Sheldon Hsiao-peng (1997). Situating World Cinema as a Theoretical Problem. "Post-Exoticism in Ten Lessons: Lesson Eleven" by Antoine Volodine [A Vermeers Robe: Costume, Commerce, and Fantasy in the Early Modern Netherlands. Dutch Crossing 35 (2011), 17795. By looking at a number of things in circulation in the early modern Netherlands, we can identify them as both global, in the sense of having travelled across long distances, having accumulated associations with the exotic, and as local, part of the cultural practices we have come to think of as Dutch. Goods ranging from treasured, unique objects to commodities traded in vast quantities always accumulate layers of meanings as they move through time and space. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. The Third Eye: Race, Cinema and Ethnographic Spectacle. Durham and London: Duke University Press. Leiden circa 1630: Rembrandt Emerges, (Agnes Ethering Art Centre, Kingston ON; Art Gallery of Alberta, Edmonton AB; MacKenzie Gallery, Regina SK; Art Gallery of Hamilton, Hamilton ON; Vereniging van Nederlandse Kunsthistorici, Saul in Story and Tradition (Series Forschungen Zum Alten Testament), Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art vol. Offering a theoretical discussion of exoticism, alongside the closely related concepts of autoethnography and cultural translation, it proposes that the exotic gaze is a particular mode of aesthetic perception that is simultaneously anchored in the filmic text and elicited in the spectator in the process of transnational reception. (LogOut/ 302 0 obj 20 May. Exoticism demonstrates itself in colorful spectacles of otherness purporting to be an unmediated expression of natural drives and instincts. Tanna invokes the exotic iconography of earlier South Sea films. Galt and Schoonover, 2010: 327. Eine historische Vergegenwrtigung. "Exoticism The most critically acclaimed examples of global art cinema demonstrate that an aesthetics of sensuous indulgence, which combines visual pleasure with haptic visuality, effectively compensates for the hermeneutic deficit that occurs when films are watched across borders. 120. Meaning of exoticism in English exoticism noun [ U ] us / z.t.s.z m / uk / zt..s.z m / the quality of being unusual and exciting because of coming (or seeming to come) from far away, especially a tropical country: the exoticism of the East SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases Exceptional qualities, things and people In fact, the dogmatic insistence on cultural fidelity is incompatible with the multiple processes of cultural translation that shape world cinema. Exoticism in translation refers to using words or phrases which sound "exotic" in the translated language, because they are of foreign origin. The exotic first emerged as a concept in Western history when European nations began to explore and appropriate far-flung parts of the world. However, I did not fully identify what that means. They conjure up ideas of a bountiful nature, fertility, and uninhibited sexuality. Arguably the most dynamic site of cultural translation is the film festival circuit since it is here where the first contact in this cross-cultural encounter usually occurs and where global art cinemas meaning and artistic value is negotiated. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. ), The Ashgate Research Companion to Dutch Art of the Seventeenth Century, London 2016, pp. Hou reduces the customary fast-paced battle scenes, which are the genres main attraction, to just a few brief moments. Negra, Diane (2002). 4655. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. The history of the terms "anthropology" and "ethnology" tells much about the changing scope of the field and central deba, Cultural Relativism This would surely represent an untenable homogenisation of world cinemas actual diversity. Changes in the Meaning and Reception of an Orientalising Fine Arts Theme in Europe and Hungary, Master Class: Northern European Art (1500-1700) from the Permanent Collection, 2018, CORPUS RUBENIANUM VERSUS REMBRANDT RESEARCH PROJECT. It is worth emphasising that cultural translation shapes world cinema at every single stage. For marketing texts, closer to +2. Museum Rietberg. The visual pleasure afforded by exotic cinemas sumptuous style is arguably the chief vehicle that allows world cinema to travel and be understood, or misunderstood, as the case may be, by transnational audiences who are potentially disadvantaged by a hermeneutic deficit of culturally specific knowledge when trying to understand films from outside their own cultural sphere. . Katrien Lichtert, Christopher D M Atkins, Erik Verroken, Anne-Laure Van Bruaene, Angela Jager, Martine Vanwelden. Yet for all its prodigious beauty, the films plot has ultimately remained obscure and impenetrable to all but the initiated (Bradshaw, 2016). Zeischtrift fr Interdisziplinre Hungarologie. Heung, Maria (1997). Raise the Red Lantern is set in the 1920s and tells the story of Songlian (Gong Li), a nineteen-year-old girl who is forced by her stepmother to marry the much older Master Chen after her father dies and her family goes bankrupt. endobj The Chinese Exotic: Modern Diasporic Femininity. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin. The film premiered at the 1991 Venice Film Festival, where it won the Silver Lion and was subsequently nominated for the Academy Awards. Bibliography for the study of Baroque art and architecture, Biblical Iconography in the Graphic Work of Rembrandt's Circle, in: Rembrandt and his Circle: Insights and Discoveries, ed. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, pp. In this essay, I set out to demonstrate that world cinema and exoticism are both traveling concepts, constituted in and through transnational mobility and the process of traversing cultural boundaries and borders of various kinds. Encompassing global art cinema as well as popular genre films and their transnational reception, world cinema is an amorphous and critically versatile concept that invites contestation and debate. rogerebert.com 27 March. The mobility of early modern people, ideas and things, and the networks they created and relied on, facilitated flows of material and immaterial interactions. Essay on Exoticism: An Aesthetics of Diversity. Rony, Fatimah Tobing (1996). The Assassin vibrant colours and painterly image compositions convey sensual pleasure. Exoticism in Translation by cecilia perez "Exoticism London and New York: Routledge. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ). 'Cataloguing Rubens and Rembrandt. Improve your vocabulary with English Vocabulary in Use from Cambridge. Mulvey, Laura (1975). Preparing for your Cambridge English exam? Sight & Sound, February, p. 68. Young, Robert J. The meaning of EXOTICISM is the quality or state of being exotic. This is assessed in light of criticism of his approach from other translation . In. Ungarn Jahrbuch. The fashionable Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, for example, had her portrait painted in a Turkish costume; the dissemination of stereotypes about the supposedly effeminate Orientals allowed her to appropriate the male garment of the turban without this being viewed as an act of cross-dressing. Exoticism in the Enlightenment. cat. Review Captivatingly Hypnotic, If Impenetrable, Vanishing Paradise: Art and Exoticism in Colonial Tahiti, Primitive Passions: Visuality, Sexuality, Ethnography, and Contemporary Chinese Cinema, Island Dreaming: The Contemplation of Polynesian Paradise, Realism of the Senses in World Cinema: The Experience of Physical Reality, Situating World Cinema as a Theoretical Problem, Remapping World Cinema: Identity, Culture and Politics in Film, Travelling Concepts: Postcolonial Approaches to Exoticism, Revisiting Exoticism: From Colonialism to Postcolonialism, Francophone Postcolonial Studies: A Critical Introduction, Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories, Offering Tales they Want to Hear: Transnational European Film Funding as Neo-Orientalism, The Postcolonial Exotic: Marketing the Margins, Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism, Transnational Chinese Cinemas: Identity, Nationhood, Gender, The Chinese Exotic: Modern Diasporic Femininity, Chinese Cinemas (18961996) and Transnational Film Studies, The Skin of the Film: Intercultural Cinema, Embodiment, and the Senses, Realist Cinema as World Cinema: Non-Cinema, Intermedial Passages, Total Cinema, Ethnic Food Fetishism, Whiteness, and Nostalgia in Recent Film and Television, Discovering Form, Inferring Meaning: New Cinemas and the Film Festival Circuit, Cultural Translation, Cosmopolitanism and the Void, Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation, The Third Eye: Race, Cinema and Ethnographic Spectacle, Essay on Exoticism: An Aesthetics of Diversity, Defence of Exoticism: Rescuing the Literary Imagination, New Exoticisms: Changing Patterns in the Construction of Otherness, The Assassin: Cannes Review. Durham: Duke University Press. BIBLIOGRAPHY Test your vocabulary with our fun image quizzes, Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English. <> Although world cinema inevitably reflects the look from the outside and therefore anticipates what the transnational critic/festival jury/spectator wants to see, and although exoticism is an appropriate aesthetic strategy to fulfil these expectations, I am not suggesting that exoticism is the only or dominant mode of representation in world cinema. ORIENTALISM . International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. endobj Although the encounter with the strange and unfamiliar is one of the principal fascinations that world cinema affords transnational audiences, it invariably triggers the reflex to recover the strange as familiar (Nichols, 1994: 18), or to use the term I introduced in relation to the exotic, to domesticate it. London and New York: Routledge. Monstrous Ethiopians? Racial Attitudes and Exoticism in the Old English For very technical texts, where accuracy of content is king, it might be closer to -2 or -1. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. The study of world cinema is one of the most vibrant and fastest growing areas in film studies. Exoticism Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
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