For many others, both before and after Harnack, the Hellenization of Christianity has signaled a similar narrative of decline. John Austin Baker; 3 vols. Render date: 2023-05-01T03:55:48.679Z Other positive statements on the value of philosophy: Hom. 32 For earlier writers, and bibliography, see Luc Brsard, Henri Crouzel, Marcel Borret, Origne. (1) Fragment 15 in P. Koetschau's edition of Princ., which speaks of pre-existent rational beings falling (angels, human souls and demons), is not authentic (Origen against Plato, 9091). For more on the problem of evil in Origen, see Wrmer, Anneliese Meis, El problema del mal en Orgenes: importancia y significado teolgico del tiempo en la argumentacin sobre el mal del Peri archon III, 124 (Santiago: Pontificia Universidad Catlica de Chile, 1988)Google Scholar; Roukema, Riemer, L'origine du mal selon Origne et dans ses sources, RHPR 83 (2003) 40520Google Scholar; Scott, Mark S. M., Journey Back to God: Origen on the Problem of Evil (American Academy of Religion Academy Series; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012) 2340, 5052CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Cant. $3012``$@gL ` I Was Early Christianity Corrupted by 'Hellenism'? - Wilmington For Christ The ambivalence of official policy is perhaps best revealed in the exchange between Pliny the Younger, governor of Bithynia, and the emperor Trajan in 111. And then, subsequent to that, the Roman imperial expansion, which would take that over politically. Paris: tudes augustiniennes, 1985)Google Scholar. Hellenism, however, was not merely a favourable soil for the reception and spread of Christianity, but it also exercised a profound influence upon the theological apprehension of it. 2.1; 2.3 (736a316); 2.4.25 (738b). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). WGBH educational foundation. 48). 44 Harnack, History of Dogma, 1:1 and 18 (where dogma is sinisterly described as a real world power). 5.29, with commentary by Martens, Peter W., On the Confusion of Tongues and Origen's Allegory of the Dispersion of Nations, SPhilo 24 (2011) 10727Google Scholar. Educated Christians shared this literary tradition with educated pagans. For an orientation to the debates on this issue among later Platonists, see Iamblichus, De Anima 2634 and Finamore, J. F., Iamblichus and the Theory of the Vehicle of the Soul (American Classical Studies 14; Chico: Scholars Press, 1985)Google Scholar. 60 Princ. 1.6.23 (also see 1.8.1). 2.9.6 (GK 412, 169.28170.5/Butterworth, 134). eccl. Neros persecution, which was local and short, was condemned by Tacitus as an expression of the emperors cruelty rather than as a service to the public good. Rather, they worked with the Greek idiom. The requirement created an issue of conscience, especially because certificates could be bought. eccl. 2. Origen occasionally used terms like gnosis or gnostikos to describe his opponents (Comm. Hellenism and Its Influences on Judaism in Alexandria Christianity was influenced by the historical contexts in which it developed Beginnings of Christianity Christianity developed in Judea in the mid-first century CE, based first on the teachings of Jesus and later on the writings and missionary work of Paul of Tarsus. 20.182) (so also Brke, Georg, Des Origenes Lehre vom Urstand des Menschen, ZKT 72 [1950] 3033Google Scholar; Crouzel, Henri, Thologie de l'image de dieu chez Origne [Thologie (Aubier) 34; Paris: Aubier, 1956], 14853Google Scholar; Giulia Sfameni Gasparro, Doppia creazione e peccato di Adamo nel Peri Archon: Fondamenti biblici e presupposti Platonici dell esegesi Origeniana, in Origeniana Secunda: Second Colloque international des tudes origniennes, Bari 2023 septembre 1977 [ed. The first version of this essay was delivered during the Logos Conference (University of Notre Dame, 2012) at the invitation of Michael Rea. The first German . the following claim about Jesus's pre-existent soul: To prove that it was the perfection of his love and the sincerity of his true affection which gained for him this inseparable unity with God, so that the taking up of his soul was neither accidental nor the result of personal preference, but was a privilege conferred upon it as a reward for its virtues (Princ. Instead, they possessed pre-determined rational natures, some lost, incapable of receiving salvation, and others saved, incapable of being lost. 166; Cassiodorus, De Anima 7; Gregory the Great, Ep. We do not know just what is meant by "the link between the Palestinian and hellenistic development of Judaism." A key factor in the confluence of Hellenism and Christianity came in the first century, with the apostolic church's shift of focus "from the closed world of the Synagogue and the Law to the cosmopolitan society of the Roman-Hellenistic world," writes Christopher Dawson in "The Formation of Christendom.". 79 For Origen, this comes close to the imitation of Christ's soul contemplating its Maker (see esp. Eph. The Christian Apologists of the 2nd century were a group of writers who sought to defend the faith against Jewish and Greco-Roman critics. Consider for instanceand I mean this as an examplewhether one should be considered a heretic who investigates the question of the human soul, since concerning it the Church's rule has handed down neither that it is derived from the propagation of the seed, nor that it is more honorable and more ancient than the structure of bodies. 51.7). von Ivnka, Endre, Plato Christianus: bernahme und Umgestaltung des Platonismus durch die Vter (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1964)Google Scholar; Meijering, E. P., Wie platonisierten Christen?, VC 28 (1974) 1528Google Scholar; de Vogel, Cornelia, Platonism and Christianity: A Mere Antagonism or a Profound Common Ground?, VC 39 (1985) 162Google Scholar; Christian Gnilka in Der Begriff des rechten Gebrauchs (: Die Methode der Kirchenvter im Umgang mit der Antiken Kultur [9 vols; Basel: Schwabe, 1984]) 1: 5463; Werner Beierwaltes, Platonismus im Christentum (Philosophische Abhandlungen 73; Frankfurt A. M.: Vittorio Klostermann, 1998); most recently, I. Ramelli, Origen, Patristic Philosophy, and Christian Platonism, 256263. and those who have thought or continue to think things resembling the aforementioned heretics . Already Pamphilus underscored the conjectural nature of Origen's overall thought: he is not declaring these things by a definitive pronouncement, nor is he defining them as secure dogma (Apol. The defenders of Christianity against pagan attack (especially St. Justin Martyr and St. Clement of Alexandria in the 2nd century) welcomed Classical philosophy and literature. For the first time, Rome was conscious that Christians were distinct from Jews. Omissions? See also Princ. Pamphilus: Apology for Origen, with the Letter of Rufinus: On the Falsification of the Books of Origen [trans. There was a noticeable lessening of concern on the part of the members of the dispersed religious group for the destiny and fortunes of the native land and also a relative severing of the traditional ties between religion and the land. 0 While the Latin phrase is ambiguous, the larger context clarifies how it should be understood: in the lines that immediately follow, Origen says that Jesus's soul had already (iam) completely entered the Word before it was united to the body (GK 362, 143.12). Edwards remarks that Origen's representation of their philosophy [i.e., Platonists] is schematic, seldom conscious of its varieties and often anachronistic (Origen's Platonism, 35). 34 Princ. 6; Nemesius, Nat. 39 See Princ. Taylor Echolls is an award-winning writer whose expertise includes health, environmental and LGBT journalism. 3.1.16), or those who profess to believe in Christ (Princ. ), Religion and Competition in Antiquity, Bruxelles 2014,, 237-284. 39.5; Comm. The nature of God was another tricky bridge between two schools of thought for Hellenistic Christianity to overcome. This essay examines a cultural phenomenon which began in the intertestamentary period and because of its increased impact greatly influenced the New Testament and Early Christian periods- the role of Hellenism in the F. Rothwell; London: George Allen & Unwin, 1926) 92; see also 94, as well as his Origne: sa vie, son oeuvre, sa pense (3 vols. The New Testament and other parts of the Bible are considered Hellenistic in form, and much of Christian art throughout the centuries has been based on a Greek artistic and sculptural sensibility. Greg. But to go back a little. Jer. 86 Princ. In the early stages of the development of their faith, Christians did something rare if not unique in the history of religion: they adopted the entire scriptural canon of what they now saw to be another faith, Judaism, and embraced the Hebrew Scriptures, which they called the Old Testament. 163) where Origen only mentions two views, traducianism and pre-existence. Jo. ISIS is in Afghanistan, But Who Are They Really? I once heard a living politician, speaking on a platform, claim for Christianity, amongst other things, credit for the invention of lyddite shells. 47 Indeed, for several centuries after Origen's death, there was vigorous debateand open confusionin Christian circles about how to think about the soul's embodiment. Hostname: page-component-75b8448494-m747x Nevertheless, the Christian opinion of other religions (except Judaism) was generally very negative. hbbd``b`Z$A,O H\ A The paper surveys the sources and emergence of Messianic Jewish Christology, examining five representative Christologies. 3.1.35. For other places where Origen describes or defines souls, see esp. Abstract. Luc. Hft; Gtersloh, Germany: C. Berteslmann, 1950) 92185. Ti. The first (or inner circle) was composed of devout, full-time adherents of the cult for whom the deity retained a separate and decisive identity (e.g., those of Yahweh, Zeus Serapis, and Isis). This essay obviously does not allow for a fully developed comparison of Origen's teaching on the soul's embodiment with the panoply of views on pre-existence that were in circulation in antiquity. press reaction. Author of. 69 Princ. Princ. 1.4; 6.3; 6.1314; 7.6; 7.4547; 7.71; Princ. Taylor Echolls - Updated September 29, 2017, Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Education, Explore state by state cost analysis of US colleges in an interactive article, PBS Frontline: From Jesus to Christ - Hellenistic Culture, BBC Religions: The Basics of Christian History. 12.41. 45 Princ. 41 Harnack, History of Dogma, 1:9. 64.72. Note, however, that the simultaneous origin of soul and body was not exclusively yoked to the Aristotelian theory of the embryo. 1.7.4 (see also Princ. But there probably was no formal senatorial enactment proscribing Christianity at this time. Nav. 6 Justinian, Letter of Justinian to the Holy Council about Origen and those Like-Minded, in The Acts of the Council of Constantinople of 553, with related texts on the Three Chapters Controversy (trans. 2, and Cels. Jo. The reasons for this persecution are uncertain but have been ascribed, among other things, to the influence of Galerius, a fanatic follower of the traditional Roman religion; Diocletians own devotion to traditional religion and his desire to use Roman religion to restore complete unity in the empire; and the fear of an alienation of rebellious armies from emperor worship. Titus 3:1011)that is spoken of hereticsif perchance, on the subjects that we mentioned above, he seems to introduce an opinion, whatever it may be, that sometimes sounds strange to many (SC 464, 248250/St. It was a time of spiritual revolution in the Greek and Roman empires, when old cults died or were fundamentally transformed and when new religious movements came into being. Pick who will make the biggest immediate impact. Platonism and Christianity: A Mere Antagonism or a Profound Common Ground. There was a high degree of comfort or acculturation with many aspects of Greek life and thought. The Hellenization of Christianity is a long-standing and notoriously contentious historiographical construct in early Christian studies. Broadly speaking, Hellenism is a polytheistic religion that understands the Gods are unchanging, unbegotten, eternal, and not in space. Many of these certificates have survived. Glawe, Walter, Die Hellenisierung des Christentums in der Geschichte der Theologie von Luther bis auf die Gegenwart (Neue Studien zur Geschichte der Theologie und der Kirche 15; Berlin: Trowitzsch und Sohn, 1912)Google Scholar; Grillmeier, Aloys, HellenisierungJudaisierung des Christentums als Deuteprinzipien der Geschichte des kirchlichen Dogmas: Mit ihm und in ihm. Iamblichus, De Anima 26: Another set of Platonists . (3) Edwards then discusses Princ. Has data issue: false On the opening chapters of Genesis as an allegory of the drama of pre-existent souls and their fall, see Peter W. Martens, Origen's Doctrine of Pre-Existence and the Opening Chapters of Genesis, ZAC 16 (2012) 51649. 1.3.1; Ep. . 2.9.6 (GK 412, 170.12414, 170.17/Butterworth, 1345). 1 (2006): 334, VIOLENCE, PEACE AND JUSTICE IN THE GRECO- ROMAN-JEWISH CONTEXT, Defence & Confirmation, Vol. 1.8.4 (end); 2.8.4; 2.9.2; 2.9.6; 3.4.5; Comm. That impact extends far beyond scripture, and we see during the Hellenistic period Jews adopting literary forms of the Greek tradition, and writing plays, epic poems, lyric poems, all in the Greek language. Upon the Jews' return from exile in Babylon, they endeavored to protect their national identity by following the law closely. 2.8.48; Jerome, Comm. Trajan responded that Christians legitimately brought before Pliny should be punished but that the governor should not seek out Christians for persecution. In 64 ce a fire destroyed much of Rome, and, in order to escape blame, the emperor Nero killed a vast multitude of Christians as scapegoats. For additional passages where Origen is contrasted with an invariably deficient Plato, see: 45; 25; 2829; 3638; 4142; 61; 6869; 72; 87; 88 n. 146; 9395. 2, Issue 1, February 2015. Why Do People Say Amen at the End of a Prayer? F. Rothwell; London: George Allen & Unwin, 1926) 92; see also 94, as well as his Origne: sa vie . Commentaire sur le Cantique des Cantiques, SC 375 (Paris: Cerf, 1991) 4089, n. 1. Note as well the perspective by one of Origen's most important modern biographers, Eugne de Faye, in his Origen and His Work (trans. Lev. See, for instance, Pamphilus, Apol. He expresses reserve about the value of philosophy, particular philosophical doctrines, or philosophers at Hom. Questions and Caveats, Recollection and Experience: Plato's Theory of Learning and Its Successors, Plato Christianus: bernahme und Umgestaltung des Platonismus durch die Vter. This was not a mystery to be guarded but rather a problem that pre-existence could solve. His successor at Alexandria, Origen, showed less interest in literary and aesthetic matters but was a greater scholar and thinker; he first applied the methods of Alexandrian philology to the text of the Bible. 1.6.2; 2.9.12; 2.9.6; 3.5.4; Hom. 2 Harnack, Adolf, History of Dogma (trans. Henri Crouzel and Antonio Quacquarelli; Quaderni di Vetera Christianorum 15; Rome: Edizioni dell'Ateneo, 1980] 6364). Questions and Caveats, ZAC 12 (2008) 2038CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Although the blood of the martyrs, as contemporaries declared, had helped the church to grow, schism eventually arose with those who had yielded to imperial pressure. 14.16; Hom. 30 See Her. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Philo was an example of the intense Hellenization of Judaism. 2.20.112114; 6.12.135, Exc. For example, Isis (Egypt), Baal (Syria), the Great Mother (Phrygia), Yahweh (Palestine), and Mithra (Kurdistan) were worshiped in their native lands as well as in Rome and other cosmopolitan centres. In the diasporic centres, as is generally characteristic of immigrant groups, there were two circles. Thus, the Christians could very well be unpopular, and they often were. Note as well that Origen treated many biblical pericopes as symbolic of pre-existence. For that reason many have been unable to comprehend what their opinion should be concerning the question of the soul. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. translator's preface to book 3). Hellenic Humanism & Early Christianity | EWTN 10 facts about religion and government in the United States And how would the Hellenistic world have influenced Jesus? 1:4. 2: a specialist in the language or culture of ancient Greece. Thomas P. Scheck; FC 120; Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2010] 11011).Pamphilus also makes Origen's view his own (Apol. 50 Princ. Jo. Cant. (allusions at 4.40; 6.43; 6.44). Each of these native traditions likewise underwent hellenization (modifications based on Greek cultural ideas), but in a manner frequently different from their diasporic counterparts. Christians were blamed for the desperate situation because they denied the gods who were thought to protect Rome, thereby bringing down their wrath. Ronald E. Heine; FC 80; Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1989] 14344). They wished only to reject all polytheistic myth and cult and all metaphysical and ethical doctrines irreconcilable with Christian belief (e.g., Stoic materialism and Platonic doctrines of the transmigration of souls and the eternity of the world). = Jerome, Ep. Non-standard abbreviation: GK = Origenes: Vier Bcher von den Prinzipien (ed. See Princ. 2.6.4); Eph 1:4 (Princ. 77 The theory of recollection is used in Phaed. Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Christians are intimately associated with the German Lutheran Mission and Swedish Mission. This alternative view of the soul's embodiment within the Platonic tradition is an important corrective to the tendency to make the Platonic view on embodiment stand exclusively for pre-existence. 2.8.1/GK 380, 152.20). 3:1011 (= Pamphilus, Apol. jesus' many faces. The fundamental cause of persecution was the Christians conscientious rejection of the gods whose favour was believed to have brought success to the empire. Hellenistic Judaism - Biblical Studies - Oxford Bibliographies - obo The two following essays deal with the ancient Hellenism. 148 0 obj <>stream Gerald Bostock claims that Origen's doctrine of pre-existence stems essentially from Philo rather than from Plato, but this is too strong a contrast and overlooks that Origen also cites Plato when discussing his own account of pre-existence (The Sources of Origen's Doctrine of Pre-Existence, in Origeniana Quarta [ed. Cant. For similar lists of questions about the soul, see Princ. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. The historical Hellenistic Age is defined as the period from the death of the Greco-Macedonian conqueror Alexander the Great (323 bc) to the conquest of Egypt by Rome (30 bc), but the influence of the Hellenistic religions extended to the time of Constantine, the first Christian Roman emperor (d. ad 337); these religions are confined to those that were active within the Mediterranean world. Groups such as the Donatists in North Africa, for example, refused to recognize as Christians those who had sacrificed to the emperor or turned over holy books during the persecutions. Hellenissm influence on chritianity - Academia.edu Reflecting this position, Tertullian once asked, What has Athens to do with Jerusalem? Despite this hostility, many Christians recognized the value of ancient letters. He has written for the "Valley Citizen" newspaper, where his work won first- and second-place awards in sports and outdoor features from the Idaho Press Club. The second (or outer circle) was composed of either second- and third-generation immigrants or converts from groups for whom the religion was not native. 1.pref.2, but esp. Hellenism and Christianity - Edwyn Bevan - Google Books Hellenization, or Hellenism, refers to the spread of Greek culture that had begun after the conquest of Alexander the Great in the fourth century, B.C.E. Eph. Christianity | Definition, Origin, History, Beliefs, Symbols, Types 25 All these verses (as well as Lev 17:14, Rom 7:23 and Gal 5:19) are listed and discussed at Princ. of Byzantine Hellenism that takes into account its geographical, linguistic, and cultural origins, as well as its influence on education, literature, art, religion, and society in the Empire, it is possible to gain a fuller, more complete understanding of the way in which it shaped not only the berlegungen zur Grenzziehung zwischen Platonismus und Christentum, TRu36 [1971] 285302). Violence against them could be precipitated by a bad harvest, a barbarian attack, or a public festival of the emperor cult. Letterkunde, nieuwe reeks, d. 128; Amsterdam: North Holland, 1985)Google Scholar. That seems to me a confusion. 34.5; Comm. 1.4.5); Ps 44:8[45:7] (Princ. 2.6.3 [GK 362, 142.5]). These definitions are in keeping with definitions in the wider philosophical literature: for example, Aristotle, De an. 2.18182; Comm. & C. Black, 1977] 345). 71 See, for example, Bigg, Charles, Christian Platonists of Alexandria (Bampton Lectures, 1886; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1886) 198Google Scholar (Origen adopted the Platonic doctrine of pre-existence); Hatch, The Influence of Greek Ideas, 204; Karpp, Probleme altchristlicher Anthropologie, 195. Armstrong, A. H.; London: Cambridge University Press, 1967) 18292Google Scholar. %PDF-1.6 % Relations between Christianity and the - Britannica While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. St. Augustine held that although Classical literature contained superstitious imaginings, it included references to moral truths and learning that could be used in the service of God. 22 Galen, de semine 2.2 (on Athenaeus, founder of the pneumatic school of physicians, who followed Aristotle); Alexander of Aphrodisias, de anima, 36.2223. 35 Princ. Hellenism is the term used to describe the influence of Greek culture on the peoples the Greek and Roman Empires conquered or interacted with. 7 The eleventh canon approved during the final session of that council reads: If anyone does not anathematize Arius, Eunomius, Macedonius, Apollinarius, Nestorius, Eutyches and Origen, along with their impious writings . 19). Hellenistic religion, any of the various systems of beliefs and practices of eastern Mediterranean peoples from 300 bc to ad 300. 2.5.6 (GCS 8, 142.2425/Origen: The Song of Songs, Commentary and Homilies [trans. Hellenism refers to the spread of Greek culture through the Mediterranean region after the fourth century B.C. The situation of the early church improved further the following year, when the emperor Constantine, prior to a battle against a rival emperor, experienced a vision of the cross in the heavens with the legend In this sign, conquer. Constantines victory led to his eventual conversion to Christianity. 4 For more on the Hellenization of Christianity thesis, see esp. (2) Edwards notes that the sun, moon, and stars have been subjected to embodiment but that this did not happen as a result of previous sins (see Princ. See esp. The Halle Danish, Leipzig mission, and Church of Sweden mission societies had a larger mission field in Tamil Nadu. ; Darmstadt, Germany: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1992). 2.1.13; Comm. Oonn? I know of no one who reads these passages as pointing to a pre-existent fallthey read far more obviously (with Edwards) as falls that transpire either in this life or in the eschatological life. eccl. 23 De Anima 27 (see also 25 and 34 and the corresponding discussions in Waszink, De Anima). 59 Princ. Jesus the Messiah in Messianic Jewish Theology: The Shaping of Messianic Jewish Christology Paper given at LCJE International Conference, Finland, August 9th, 2003 and published in LCJE Conference Papers. A conservative theologian still hold that the doctrine of the Trinity, later made explicit in the creeds, is implicit within the New Testament texts and was Jesus most controversial claim. MAKING APOLOGETICS APPEALING TO AFRICANS: A Clarion Call to Defending the Christian Faith in Africa, Daniel Boyarin, Apartheid Comparative Religion in the Second Century: Some Theory and a Case Study, The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, vol. 16 See Eusebius, Hist. Matt. It was visible in several other cities around Galilee. For a larger discussion of how philosophy engendered heresy for Origen, but could also be assessed positively, see Martens, Peter W., Origen and Scripture: The Contours of the Exegetical Life (Oxford Early Christian Studies; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012) 7277 and 11926CrossRefGoogle Scholar. For others, however, for other people in the Jewish tradition, it probably was more of a problem that Herod, supposedly a Jewish king, would have been so willing to turn himself over, as it were, to Roman religious interests and Roman imperial ideology. 2.6.3). The two excerpts illustrate how the God, who probably used to be seen as a one of a human-like nature, turned into an unconditioned entity. For instance, in saying that the word of God that we encounter in scripture is the logos or the divine reason, by which he meant a combination of the ideas, Plato's ideas, which by that time were conceived by philosophers as being in the mind of God. Historising Religion between Spiritual Continuity and Friendly Takeover. 85 Note esp. Language and philosophy were both exports from Greece at this time, and soon polytheistic Hellenism came into conflict with Christianity. Hellenism (, Hellnisms) is a religious movements which revive or reconstruct of ancient Greek religious practices from antiquity. Most notable was the shift from elements characteristic of native religion in its definition of religion (e.g., local tradition and custom, informal knowledge orally transmitted, and birth) to formulated dogma, creeds, law codes, and rules for conversion and admission that were characteristic of diasporic religion. Cor. 75cd). A similar position was expressed even earlier in the Origenian scholarship. There was a continuation of the program of Herod the Great, the father of Herod Antipas. For a good rehearsal of Origen's expertise in philosophy, see Dorival, Gilles, L'apport d'Origne pour la connaissance de la philosophie grecque, in Origeniana Quinta (ed. 3; see as well Apol. 63 Princ. During the second century and beyond there's a continuing engagement over a variety of issues. The misleading tendency to present Origen as a dogmatizer on pre-existence is already clearly developed by Epiphanius (see his Ep. Martyr was an early apologist, explaining Christianity to this new Greek flock within their own system of philosophy. anathemas 19 and 1315). its literature. 89 This terminology is in concert with a growing number of scholars who have argued that the prevailing approach of early Christian intellectuals to philosophy was neither wholesale acceptance nor straightforward rejection, but a transformation of the vocabulary, themes, arguments and assumptions of philosophers for Christian ends. Whenever this adversarial Hellenic spirit triumphed, as it inevitably did, it corroded an authentic living Christianity into an institutionalized, dogmatic religion. posit that the soul is always in a body (as Eratosthenes, Ptolemy the Platonist, and others do) and make it pass from subtler bodies into dense bodies (John F. Finamore and John M. Dillon, Iamblichus De Anima: Text, Translation, and Commentary [Philosophia antiqua 92; Boston: Brill, 2002], 55). 5.1.35; 5.4.3; Cels. 1516; Cels. These are two poles around which the dialogue develops during the course of the subsequent centuries. behind the scenes View all Google Scholar citations 8 Jean Danilou, Gospel Message and Hellenistic Culture (trans. Both the inner and outer circles fostered esotericism (secrets to be known only by initiates)the former by its use of native language and its oral recollection of traditions from the homeland; the latter by its use of allegory and other similar methods to radically reinterpret the sacred texts. hb```a``Rf`f`r,@br2a?u,YWw DE@h7E30xTTT4y"@ 9% 29 September 2015. ; London: A. The Christians should be left alone as long as they did not stir up trouble. ETHIOPIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY, MISSIOLOGICAL IMPLICATION OF PAULS APOLOGETICS METHODOLOGY IN ACTS 17:22-34 TO THE 21ST CENTURY MISSIONARY AMONG THE BURA PEOPLE OF HAWUL LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BORNO STATE, NIGERIA, The One God and the Lord Jesus Christ: An Exegetical Examination of the High Christology Found in Paul, Mark, and John, The Early Christian Appropriation of Pagan Piety. . Christologische Forschungen und Perspektiven (Freiburg: Herder, 1975)Google Scholar; Scheffczyk, Leo, Tendenzen und Brennpunkte der neueren Problematik um die Hellenisierung des Christentums (Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; Munich: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1982)Google Scholar; Meijering, E. P., Die Hellenisierung des Christentums im Urteil Adolf von Harnacks (Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afd.
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